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Defence responses in Rpv3-dependent resistance to grapevine downy mildew

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Abstract

The Rpv3 locus determines the ability to operate an isolate-specific hypersensitive response (HR) against Plasmopara viticola in grapevines that carry a resistant Rpv3 + haplotype. Artificial infection was performed on leaf discs of Rpv3 + and Rpv3 − grapevines with two distinct isolates of the pathogen (avrRpv3 + and avrRpv3 −). The plant response, including the establishment of HR and changes in expression of 33 genes, was compared to the development of the pathogen. HR was induced exclusively in the Rpv3 + host upon inoculation with the avrRpv3 + isolate of the pathogen, which is assumed to use avrRpv3 + effectors that are recognised by/through the plant Rpv3 + gene product. The limitation imposed on pathogen growth was the result of inducible responses elicited by the Rpv3 +–avrRpv3 + interaction. This host reaction relied on transcriptional induction of the HR-associated gene HSR1 and salicylic acid-induced pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1 and PR-2 during the initial 24–48 h post-inoculation. These events had no parallel in the Rpv3 − host or upon infection with the avrRpv3 − isolate. The emerging model for Rpv3-mediated defence, which is dependent upon race-specific recognition, associated with up-regulation of PR-1 and PR-2 genes, and enforced by localised HR-type necrosis, is compatible with the cascade of events initiated by the products of NB-LRR and LRR-kinase receptor-like genes, such as those residing in the Rpv3 locus.

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Abbreviations

DM:

Downy mildew

ET:

Ethylene

hpi:

Hours post-inoculation

qPCR:

Quantitative PCR

JA:

Jasmonic acid

JA-Ile:

Jasmonoyl-iso-leucine

MeJA:

Methyl-jasmonate

PR:

Pathogenesis related

R:

Resistance

SA:

Salicylic acid

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by funds from the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (VIGNA project) and from the Regional Government of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Grapevine Breeding Project). We thank Courtney Coleman for proofreading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, via delle scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Karen Casagrande, Luigi Falginella, Simone Diego Castellarin, Raffaele Testolin & Gabriele Di Gaspero

  2. Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Luigi Danieli, Istituto di Genomica Applicata, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Raffaele Testolin & Gabriele Di Gaspero

Authors
  1. Karen Casagrande
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  2. Luigi Falginella
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  3. Simone Diego Castellarin
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  4. Raffaele Testolin
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  5. Gabriele Di Gaspero
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Correspondence to Gabriele Di Gaspero.

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Casagrande, K., Falginella, L., Castellarin, S.D. et al. Defence responses in Rpv3-dependent resistance to grapevine downy mildew. Planta 234, 1097–1109 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1461-5

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