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A functional EDS1 ortholog is differentially regulated in powdery mildew resistant and susceptible grapevines and complements an Arabidopsis eds1 mutant

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Abstract

Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is the most economically important deciduous fruit crop, but cultivated grapevine varieties lack adequate innate immunity to a range of devastating diseases. To identify genetic resources for grapevine innate immunity and understand pathogen defense pathways in a woody perennial plant, we focus in this study on orthologs of the central Arabidopsis thaliana defense regulator ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1). The family of EDS1-like genes is expanded in grapevine, and members of this family were previously found to be constitutively upregulated in the resistant variety ‘Norton’ of the North American grapevine species Vitis aestivalis, while they were induced by Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew (PM), in the susceptible V. vinifera variety ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Here, we determine the responsiveness of individual EDS1-like genes in grapevine to PM and salicylic acid, and find that EDS1-like paralogs are differentially regulated in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, while two are constitutively upregulated in ‘Norton’. Sequencing of VvEDS1 and VaEDS1 cDNA and genomic clones revealed high conservation in the protein-encoding sequence and some divergence of the promoter sequence in the two grapevine varieties. Complementation of the Arabidopsiseds1-1 mutant showed that the EDS1-like gene with highest predicted amino acid sequence similarity to AtEDS1 from either grapevine varieties is a functional ortholog of AtEDS1. Together, our analyses show that differential susceptibility to PM is correlated with differences in EDS1 expression, not differences in EDS1 function, between resistant ‘Norton’ and susceptible ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.

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Abbreviations

bp:

Base pair

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

DC3000:

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000

EDS1 :

ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1

FW:

Fresh weight

Hpi:

Hours post inoculation

MeSA:

Methyl salicylate

PM:

Powdery mildew

qPCR:

quantitative Real-time PCR

SA:

Salicylic acid

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

Ws-0:

Arabidopsis accession Wassilewskija-0

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Acknowledgments

We thank Laszlo Kovacs for discussions and comments on the manuscript, and for providing mock- and MeSA-treated ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ leaf tissue for EDL transcript quantification. We thank Daniel Schachtman for providing cDNA libraries of PM-inoculated ‘Norton’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. This research was supported by Grants from the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (2006-38901-03542 and 2008-38901-19367).

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Author notes

  1. Xiaomei Shu

    Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

  2. Nan Li

    Present address: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

  3. Patrick Winterhagen

    Present address: Institute for Crop Sciences (340), Section Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203-7310, USA

    Fei Gao & Walter Gassmann

  2. Department of Agriculture, Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO, 65711, USA

    Xiaomei Shu, Mohammad Babar Ali, Susanne Howard, Nan Li, Patrick Winterhagen & Wenping Qiu

  3. Department of Fruit Science, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan Xi Lu No. 2, Beijing, 100094, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaomei Shu & Wenping Qiu

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  1. Fei Gao
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Correspondence to Walter Gassmann.

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Gao, F., Shu, X., Ali, M.B. et al. A functional EDS1 ortholog is differentially regulated in powdery mildew resistant and susceptible grapevines and complements an Arabidopsis eds1 mutant. Planta 231, 1037–1047 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-010-1107-z

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