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Differential expression of phenylpropanoid and related genes in brown-midrib bm1, bm2, bm3, and bm4 young near-isogenic maize plants

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Abstract

The expression of phenylpropanoid and related genes was investigated in bm1, bm2, bm3, and bm4 near-isogenic maize plants at the 4–5 leaf stage using a gene-specific cell wall macro-array. The bm3 mutant, which is mutated in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, exhibited the lowest number of differentially expressed genes. Although no other phenylpropanoid gene had an altered expression, two distinct OMT and two cytochrome P450 genes were overexpressed suggesting the activation of alternative hydroxylation/methylation pathways. The bm1 mutant had the highest number of differentially expressed genes, all of which were under-expressed. Bm1 mutant plants were affected not only in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (bm1 related CAD) gene expression as expected, but also in the expression of other CAD/SAD gene family members and several regulatory genes including MYB, ARGONAUTE and HDZip. As originally believed, the bm1 mutation could be localized at the CAD locus, but more probably in a gene that regulates the expression of the CAD gene family. The profile of under-expressed genes in the bm2 mutant is nearly similar to that of bm1. These genes fell under several functional categories including phenylpropanoid metabolism, transport and trafficking, transcription factors and regulatory genes. As the bm2 mutant exhibited a lower guaiacyl (G) unit lignin content, the bm2 mutation could affect a regulatory gene involved, perhaps indirectly, in the regulation, conjugation or transport of coniferaldehyde, or the establishment of G-rich maize tissues. The pattern of gene expression in bm4 plants, characterized by the over-expression of phenylpropanoid and methylation genes, suggests that the bm4 mutation likely also affects a gene involved in the regulation of lignification.

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Abbreviations

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ARF:

Auxin response factor

COMT:

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase

CCoAOMT:

Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase

CHI:

Chalcone flavonone isomerase

CCR:

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

CAD:

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

C3H:

Coumarate 3-hydroxylase

C4H:

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

4CL:

4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase

CALDH:

Coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase

pCA:

p-Coumaric acid

DFR:

Dihydro-flavonoid reductase

DIMBOA:

2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one

F5H:

Ferulate 5-hydroxylase

FA:

Ferulic acid

GSH:

Glutathione

G:

Guaiacyl

5-OH-G:

5-Hydroxyguaiacyl

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

HD-Zip:

Homeodomain leucine-zipper protein

H:

Hydroxyphenyl

HCT:

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferase

OMT:

O-methyl transferase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

RISC:

RNAi silencing complex

SAMS:

S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase

SAD:

Sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase

SBP:

Herbicide safener-binding protein

S:

Syringyl

TAL:

Tyrosine ammonia lyase

UGT:

Uridine-diphosphate-glucosyltransferase

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by a grant of the French genomic Génoplante project. Sabine Guillaumie was supported by a PhD grant from INRA and the Région Poitou-Charentes. Alain Murigneux (Biogemma) and Alain Charcosset (INRA), managers of the maize Génoplante project, are thanked for their support in this work. Dominique Denoue, Christiane Minault, and Pascal Vernoux are thanked for their help in plant cropping and sampling. Odile Barbier and Caroline Deswarte are also thanked for their contribution to molecular biology experiments and analysis.

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  1. INRA, Unité de Génétique et d’Amélioration des Plantes Fourragères, BP6, 86600, Lusignan, France

    Sabine Guillaumie & Yves Barrière

  2. UPS CNRS UMR 5546, Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France

    Sabine Guillaumie, Magalie Pichon & Deborah Goffner

  3. Biogemma, 8 rue des frères Lumière, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Jean-Pierre Martinant & Mickael Bosio

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  1. Sabine Guillaumie
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Correspondence to Yves Barrière.

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Guillaumie, S., Pichon, M., Martinant, JP. et al. Differential expression of phenylpropanoid and related genes in brown-midrib bm1, bm2, bm3, and bm4 young near-isogenic maize plants. Planta 226, 235–250 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0468-9

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