Abstract
Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, low-threshold T-type Ca2+ channels (T channels) have been suggested to play a key role in many EEG waves of non-REM sleep, which has remained exclusively linked to the ability of these channels to generate low-threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high-frequency bursts of action potentials. Our present understanding of the biophysics and physiology of T channels, however, highlights a much more diverse and complex picture of the pivotal contributions that they make to different sleep rhythms. In particular, recent experimental evidence has conclusively demonstrated the essential contribution of thalamic T channels to the expression of slow waves of natural sleep and the key role played by Ca2+ entry through these channels in the activation or modulation of other voltage-dependent channels that are important for the generation of both slow waves and sleep spindles. However, the precise contribution to sleep rhythms of T channels in cortical neurons and other sleep-controlling neuronal networks remains unknown, and a full understanding of the cellular and network mechanisms of sleep delta waves is still lacking.
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VC work in this field is supported by The Wellcome Trust (grant 91882); NL and RCL work by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant MNMP-2009) and CNRS (LEA 528).
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This article is published as part of the special issue on T-type channels.
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Crunelli, V., David, F., Leresche, N. et al. Role for T-type Ca2+ channels in sleep waves. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 466, 735–745 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1477-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1477-3