Do age and baseline LDL cholesterol levels determine the effect of regular exercise on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels?

Abstract

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentration and age are independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Age is also associated with increased apoB concentration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise on apoB and examine the association between age and lipoproteins. Forty-one sedentary individuals exercised for 6 months, four times/week for 40 min between 60 and 85% of their maximal heart rate. Lipids were determined three times: before training, 24 and 72 h after the last training session. Exercise did not alter apoB (1.2 ± 0.05 g/l vs. 1.2 ± 0.05 g/l; P > 0.05), or other lipids or lipoproteins. When participants were sequestered by baseline low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), total cholesterol (TC) was decreased at 24 h post (6.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l vs. 6.0 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and LDLc after 24 and 48 h post (4.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl vs. 3.9 ± 0.1 and 4.1 ± 0.2 mg/dl, P < 0.05) in the high LDLc group. In the low LDLc group both TC (4.4 ± 0.2 mmol/l vs. 4.6 ± 0.2 and 4.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P > 0.05) and LDLc (2.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l vs. 2.8 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.05) were elevated at 24 h and remained elevated at 72 h post compared to baseline. Age does not affect apoB or lipoproteins in response to exercise. Individuals with high baseline LDLc experienced acute reduction in TC and LDLc produced by each exercise session.