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Nucleolus: from structure to dynamics

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Abstract

The nucleolus, a large nuclear domain, is the ribosome factory of the cells. Ribosomal RNAs are synthesized, processed and assembled with ribosomal proteins in the nucleolus, and the ribosome subunits are then transported to the cytoplasm. In this review, the structural organization of the nucleolus and the dynamics of the nucleolar proteins are discussed in an attempt to link both information. By electron microscopy, three main nucleolar components corresponding to different steps of ribosome biogenesis are identified and the nucleolar organization reflects its activity. Time-lapse videomicroscopy and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) demonstrate that mobility of GFP-tagged nucleolar proteins is slower in the nucleolus than in the nucleoplasm. Fluorescent recovery rates change with inhibition of transcription, decreased temperature and depletion of ATP, indicating that recovery is correlated with cell activity. At the exit of mitosis, the nucleolar processing machinery is first concentrated in prenucleolar bodies (PNBs). The dynamics of the PNBs suggests a steady state favoring residence of processing factors that are then released in a control- and time-dependent manner. Time-lapse analysis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer demonstrates that processing complexes are formed in PNBs. Finally, the nucleolus appears at the center of several trafficking pathways in the nucleus.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Myriam Barre for help in photographic work and A. L. Haenni for critical reading of the paper. This work was supported in part by grants from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (Contract 3303).

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  1. Nuclei and Cell Cycle, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris VI et Paris VII, 2 place Jussieu, 75251, Paris, Cedex 05, France

    Danièle Hernandez-Verdun

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Hernandez-Verdun, D. Nucleolus: from structure to dynamics. Histochem Cell Biol 125, 127–137 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-005-0046-4

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