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Intraocular pressure increases during dynamic resistance training exercises according to the exercise phase in healthy young adults

  • Glaucoma
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes caused by the execution of lower body and upper body resistance training exercises leading to muscular failure depending on the exercise phase (concentric vs. eccentric). We also assessed the influence of the exercise type (back squat vs. biceps curl) and level of effort on the IOP response.

Methods

Nineteen physically active young adults performed four sets (2 exercise type × 2 exercise phase) of 10 repetitions leading to muscular failure while adopting a normal breathing pattern. IOP was measured by rebound tonometry at baseline, after each of the ten repetitions, and after 1 min of recovery.

Results

There was a main effect of the exercise phase (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.56), observing greater IOP values in the eccentric condition of the back squat and concentric condition of the biceps curl. Also, greater IOP values were obtained for the back squat in comparison with the biceps curl (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.61), and IOP progressively increases with the level of accumulated effort (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.88; Pearson r = 0.97–0.98).

Conclusions

IOP fluctuates during the different phases of the repetition in dynamic resistance training exercises, being greater IOP values observed during the more physically demanding phases of the exercise (eccentric phase of the back squat and concentric phase of the biceps curl). A heightened IOP response is positively associated with muscle size (back squat > biceps curl) and with the level of effort (number of accumulated repetitions). Based on these findings, highly demanding dynamic resistance training should be avoided when maintaining stable IOP levels is desirable.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all the participants who selflessly collaborated in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Jesús Vera, Beatríz Redondo & Raimundo Jiménez

  2. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Alejandro Perez-Castilla & Amador García-Ramos

  3. Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Amador García-Ramos

Authors
  1. Jesús Vera
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  2. Beatríz Redondo
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  3. Alejandro Perez-Castilla
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  4. Raimundo Jiménez
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  5. Amador García-Ramos
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Correspondence to Raimundo Jiménez.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Granada Institutional Review Board (438/CEIH/2017) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Vera, J., Redondo, B., Perez-Castilla, A. et al. Intraocular pressure increases during dynamic resistance training exercises according to the exercise phase in healthy young adults. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258, 1795–1801 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04736-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04736-2

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