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The acute effect of strength exercises at different intensities on intraocular pressure

  • Glaucoma
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to determine the effect of two basic strength exercises with progressive loads on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods

Seventeen (out of 20 recruited) physically active male military officers (46 ± 4.77 years) performed the jump squat and the ballistic bench press exercises, in counterbalanced order, with four and five progressive loads, respectively. IOP was measured with a rebound tonometer before and after each of the corresponding loads.

Results

IOP linearly increases with heavier loads for the jump squat (r = 0.976) and the ballistic bench press (r = 0.991) exercises. A significant IOP elevation was observed during the jump squat test (p < 0.001), and Bonferroni-Holm correction revealed that ~75% of one repetition maximum (RM) was able to promote significant changes in IOP with respect to the other three loads (all corrected p values <0.05), whereas the load corresponding to ~65%RM and ~60%RM induced a significant IOP rise when compared with the load of ~50%RM (corrected p-values of 0.43 in both cases). For its part, IOP significantly increases with the bench press test (p < 0.001), and performing the ~50%RM load was enough to induce significant IOP changes (corrected p-value <0.01).

Conclusions

Acute performance of jump squat and ballistic bench press lead to a significant increase of IOP, and 5 min of rest are enough to recover baseline IOP values. There is a strong linear association between the increase in load and the IOP rise for both exercises, and bench press execution produces a significantly higher IOP increase when compared with the jump squat for the same relative loads.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank the collaboration of the military officers belonging to the Spanish Army Training and Doctrine Command (Granada, Spain), of the pilots of BHELA-1, and their commanders, especially Lieutenant-Colonel Santiago Juan Fernández Ortiz-Repiso, Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo Rebollo Gómez and Lieutenant-Colonel Alberto José Cherino Muñoz. We would also like to acknowledge Antonio Morales Artacho and Iker Madinabeitia Cabrera for their assistance with data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de la Fuentenueva 2, 18001, Granada, Spain

    Jesús Vera & Raimundo Jiménez

  2. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar, 18011, Granada, Spain

    Amador García-Ramos & David Cárdenas

Authors
  1. Jesús Vera
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  2. Amador García-Ramos
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  3. Raimundo Jiménez
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  4. David Cárdenas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jesús Vera.

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Funding

The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant reference: DEP2013-48211-R) and the CEMIX (Centro Mixto UGR-MADOC, Army of Spain; gran reference: PIN 11) provided financial support in the form of grant funding. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct this research.

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Vera, J., García-Ramos, A., Jiménez, R. et al. The acute effect of strength exercises at different intensities on intraocular pressure. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255, 2211–2217 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3735-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3735-5

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