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NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activity is a modifier of survival in ALS

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Abstract

NADPH-oxidases (NOX) catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a role in the development of neurological diseases, particularly those generated by the phagocytic isoform NOX2. Increased ROS has been observed in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) SOD1 transgenic mouse, and in this preclinical model the inactivation of NOX2 decreases ROS production and extends survival. Our aim was to evaluate NOX2 activity measuring neutrophil oxidative burst in a cohort of 83 ALS patients, and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Oxidative burst was measured directly in fresh blood using Phagoburst™ assay by flow cytometry. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), emitted in response to different stimuli, leads to produce ROS and corresponds to the percentage of oxidizing cells and their enzymatic activity (GeoMean). No difference was found between the MFI values in cases and controls. NOX2 activity was independent from gender and age, and in patients was not related to disease duration, site of onset (bulbar vs. spinal), or ALSFRS-R score. However, patients with a NOX2 activity lower than the median value showed a 1-year increase of survival from onset (p = 0.011). The effect of NOX2 was independent from other known prognostic factors. These findings are in keeping with the observations in the mouse model of ALS, and demonstrate the strong role of NOX2 in modifying progression in ALS patients. A proper modulation of NOX2 activity might hold therapeutic potential for ALS.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the patient and her family for having collaborated to this study; his work was funded by grants of the European Community’s Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013, under Grants Agreement 278611 and 259867), the Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research granted by Italian Ministry of Health (Sophia Project), the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute, Ricerca Sanitaria Finalizzata, 2010, Grant RF-2010-2309849), and by Fondazione Magnetto Onlus. Funding organizations had no role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Dr. Marrali reports no disclosure. Dr. Casale reports no disclosure. Dr. Salamone reports no disclosure. Dr. Caorsi reports no disclosure. Prof. Amoroso reports no disclosure. Dr. Brunetti reports no disclosure. Dr. Restagno has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata) and Regione Piemonte (Ricerca Finalizzata). Dr. Barberis reports no disclosure. Dr. Bertuzzo reports no disclosure. Dr. Canosa reports no disclosure. Dr. Moglia reports no disclosure. Dr. Calvo has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata). Dr. Chiò serves on the editorial advisory board of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata), Regione Piemonte (Ricerca Finalizzata), University of Torino, Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, Fondazione Vialli e Mauro onlus, and European Commission (Health Seventh Framework Programme); he serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec and Cytokinetics.

Ethical standard

This study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and has therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy

    Giuseppe Marrali, Federico Casale, Paolina Salamone, Giuseppe Fuda, Davide Bertuzzo, Antonio Canosa, Cristina Moglia, Andrea Calvo & Adriano Chiò

  2. Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Cristiana Caorsi & Antonio Amoroso

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

    Cristiana Caorsi & Antonio Amoroso

  4. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Maura Brunetti, Gabriella Restagno & Marco Barberis

  5. Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Andrea Calvo & Adriano Chiò

  6. Neuroscience Institute of Torino, Turin, Italy

    Andrea Calvo & Adriano Chiò

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Marrali
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  2. Federico Casale
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  3. Paolina Salamone
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  4. Giuseppe Fuda
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  6. Antonio Amoroso
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  7. Maura Brunetti
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  8. Gabriella Restagno
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  9. Marco Barberis
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  10. Davide Bertuzzo
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  11. Antonio Canosa
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  12. Cristina Moglia
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  13. Andrea Calvo
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  14. Adriano Chiò
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adriano Chiò.

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Marrali, G., Casale, F., Salamone, P. et al. NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activity is a modifier of survival in ALS. J Neurol 261, 2178–2183 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7470-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7470-0

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