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Comparative genomic analysis links karyotypic evolution with genomic evolution in the Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis)

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Abstract

The karyotype of Indian muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis) has been greatly shaped by chromosomal fusion, which leads to its lowest diploid number among the extant known mammals. We present, here, comparative results based on draft sequences of 37 bacterial artificial clones (BAC) clones selected by chromosome painting for this special muntjac species. Sequence comparison on these BAC clones uncovered sequence syntenic relationships between the muntjac genome and those of other mammals. We found that the muntjac genome has peculiar features with respect to intron size and evolutionary rates of genes. Inspection of more than 80 pairs of orthologous introns from 15 genes reveals a significant reduction in intron size in the Indian muntjac compared to that of human, mouse, and dog. Evolutionary analysis using 19 genes indicates that the muntjac genes have evolved rapidly compared to other mammals. In addition, we identified and characterized sequence composition of the first BAC clone containing a chromosomal fusion site. Our results shed new light on the genome architecture of the Indian muntjac and suggest that chromosomal rearrangements have been accompanied by other salient genomic changes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Hongkun Zheng, Jun Li, Peixiang Ni, and Tao Feng in the Beijing Genomic Institute for assistance in preparing the perl scripts during the analysis. We also thank Huifeng Jiang, Yan Li, Yun Ding, Xin Li, and Haijing Yu in the Max-Planck Junior Research Group for incisive comments and discussions for preparing the manuscript and Xuebing Qi in the Comparative Genomics Group in Kunming Institute of Zoology for suggestions on performing PAML. This research was supported by key project grants of the Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution in Kunming Institute of Zoology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30170506).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #32 E. Jiao Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, People’s Republic of China

    Qi Zhou, Xiangyi Zhao & Wen Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, People’s Republic of China

    Ling Huang, Jianxiang Chi & Fengtang Yang

  3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China

    Qi Zhou, Ling Huang & Jianxiang Chi

  4. Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China

    Jianguo Zhang, Qingpeng Zhang & Fei Song

  5. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK

    Fengtang Yang

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  1. Qi Zhou
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  2. Ling Huang
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  3. Jianguo Zhang
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  4. Xiangyi Zhao
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  5. Qingpeng Zhang
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  6. Fei Song
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  7. Jianxiang Chi
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  8. Fengtang Yang
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  9. Wen Wang
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Correspondence to Fengtang Yang or Wen Wang.

Additional information

Communicated by E.A. Nigg

Qi Zhou, Ling Huang, Jianguo Zhang: these authors contributed equally to the paper.

Sequence data from this article have been deposited in the GenBank Libraries under Accession No. DQ280153-DQ280188, DQ377335, DQ458964.

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Zhou, Q., Huang, L., Zhang, J. et al. Comparative genomic analysis links karyotypic evolution with genomic evolution in the Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis). Chromosoma 115, 427–436 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-006-0066-4

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