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Geology and geochemistry of Pachmarhi dykes and sills, Satpura Gondwana Basin, central India: problems of dyke-sill-flow correlations in the Deccan Traps

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Abstract

Many tholeiitic dyke-sill intrusions of the Late Cretaceous Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province are exposed in the Satpura Gondwana Basin around Pachmarhi, central India. We present field, petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data on these intrusions and identify individual dykes and sills that chemically closely match several stratigraphically defined formations in the southwestern Deccan (Western Ghats). Some of these formations have also been identified more recently in the northern and northeastern Deccan. However, the Pachmarhi intrusions are significantly more evolved (lower Mg numbers and higher TiO2 contents) than many Deccan basalts, with isotopic signatures generally different from those of the chemically similar lava formations, indicating that most are not feeders to previously characterized flows. They appear to be products of mixing between Deccan basalt magmas and partial melts of Precambrian Indian amphibolites, as proposed previously for several Deccan basalt lavas of the lower Western Ghats stratigraphy. Broad chemical and isotopic similarities of several Pachmarhi intrusions to the northern and northeastern Deccan lavas indicate petrogenetic relationships. Distances these lava flows would have had to cover, if they originated in the Pachmarhi area, range from 150 to 350 km. The Pachmarhi data enlarge the hitherto known chemical and isotopic range of the Deccan flood basalt magmas. This study highlights the problems and ambiguities in dyke-sill-flow correlations even with extensive geochemical fingerprinting.

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Acknowledgments

Field work was supported by seed grant 03IR014 to Sheth from the Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC), IIT Bombay. We gratefully remember the late Nandkumar Gavli for his valuable field assistance. We thank S.V.S. Murty, Coordinator, PLANEX Programme (ISRO), for allowing use of XRF and ICPMS facilities at the Physical Research Laboratory. Pb isotopic work was supported by the US National Science Foundation grant EAR02-29824 to Mahoney. We thank Andreas Bunger, D. Chandrasekharam, Neil Goulty, Nitin Karmalkar, James Natland, Kanchan Pande, Sverre Planke, Stephane Polteau, Sheila Seaman, Gautam Sen, Sam Sethna, Surendra Pal Verma, and S. Viswanathan for helpful discussions. The manuscript was considerably tightened and improved by the thoughtful official reviews of Nilanjan Chatterjee and Gautam Sen, and the editorial handling of Timothy Grove.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Hetu C. Sheth, Ranjini Ray, Partha Das, Subhrashis Adhikari & Bikashkali Jana

  2. Planetary and Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, India

    Jyotiranjan S. Ray, Alok Kumar & Anil D. Shukla

  3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Loÿc Vanderkluysen & John J. Mahoney

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Sheth, H.C., Ray, J.S., Ray, R. et al. Geology and geochemistry of Pachmarhi dykes and sills, Satpura Gondwana Basin, central India: problems of dyke-sill-flow correlations in the Deccan Traps. Contrib Mineral Petrol 158, 357–380 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0387-4

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