Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian SNOT-22 (I-SNOT-22). The study consisted of five phases: item generation, reliability analysis, normative data generation, validity analysis and responsiveness analysis. The item generation phase followed the five-step, cross-cultural, adaptation process of translation and back-translation. A group of 222 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were enrolled for the internal consistency analysis. Sixty patients completed the I-SNOT-22 twice, 2 weeks apart, for test–retest reliability analysis. A group of 119 asymptomatic subjects completed the I-SNOT-22 for normative data generation. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained by CRS patients and asymptomatic subjects were compared for validity analysis. I-SNOT-22 scores were correlated with Lund-Mackay and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in 50 CRS patients for criterion validity analysis. Finally, I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in a group of 59 CRS patients before and after surgical treatment for CRS were compared for responsiveness analysis. All the enrolled subjects managed to complete the I-SNOT-22 without needing any assistance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.86). Test–retest reliability was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.85). A significant difference in the I-SNOT-22 scores between the CRS patients and the asymptomatic subjects was found (p < 0.008). Positive significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 and VAS scores, while no significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 scores and Lund–Mackay scores. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in the pre-treatment condition were significantly higher than those obtained after surgery. I-SNOT-22 is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QOL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.
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16 April 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07339-1
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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The original online publication of the article is revised due to the appendix included in this article has been removed because permission to reproduce and translate SNOT-22 had not been obtained by the authors at the time of manuscript drafting.
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Mozzanica, F., Preti, A., Gera, R. et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 274, 887–895 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4313-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4313-x