Abstract
In the past 30 years, the use of a voice prosthesis has become the treatment of choice for the restoration of speech following laryngectomy. Not only is the placement of a voice prosthesis a simple surgical procedure, but it is also associated with a low rate of complications and an excellent success rate. Approximately, 20–30 % of all patients with voice prostheses, however, develop periprosthetic leakage with aspiration over time. Periprosthetic leakage is usually caused by an enlargement of the tracheo-oesophageal fistula and substantially affects the quality of life of the patients concerned. In a retrospective analysis of our patients, the incidence of periprosthetic leakage was 35.7 % in a total of 232 patients who underwent laryngectomy during a period of 20 years. Substantial enlargement of the tracheo-oesophageal fistula which required multiple treatments occurred in 12.5 % of the patients. In this review, the various causes of fistula enlargement are discussed on the basis of the literature and the experience that we have accumulated during the past 20 years in the management of patients with voice prostheses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackerstaff AH, Hilgers FJ, Meeuwis CA et al (1999) Multi-institutional assessment of the Provox 2 voice prosthesis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 125:167–173
Acton LM, Ross DA, Sasaki CT et al (2008) Investigation of tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis leakage patterns: patient’s self-report versus clinician’s confirmation. Head Neck 30:618–621
Albirmawy OA, Elsheikh MN, Saafan ME et al (2006) Managing problems with tracheoesophageal puncture for alaryngeal voice rehabilitation. J Laryngol Otol 120:470–477
Andrews JC, Mickel RA, Hanson DG et al (1987) Major complications following tracheoesophageal puncture for voice rehabilitation. Laryngoscope 97:562–567
Ayache S, Tramier B, Michel L et al (2004) Vocal rehabilitation with tracheoesophageal prosthesis. Study of peri-prosthetic leakages. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 125:89–92
Balle VH, Rindsø L, Thomsen JC (2000) Primary speech restoration at laryngectomy by insertion of voice prosthesis–10 years experience. Acta Oto-Laryngol 543:244–245
Basheeth N, O’leary G, Sheahan P (2013) Elective neck dissection for no neck during salvage total laryngectomy: findings, complications, and oncological outcome. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 139:790–796
Bertl K, Zatorska B, Leonhard M et al (2012) Anaerobic and microaerophilic pathogens in the biofilm formation on voice prostheses: a pilot study. Laryngoscope 122:1035–1039
Bień S, Okła S (2006) Analysis of complications after surgical voice and speech rehabilitation in laryngectomized patients. Problems related to implantation and change of voice prosthesis. Otolaryngol Pol 60(2):129–134
Bień S, Rinaldo A, Silver CE et al (2008) History of voice rehabilitation following laryngectomy. Laryngoscope 118:453–458
Birchall MA, Bailey M, Gutowska-Owsiak D et al (2008) Immunologic response of the laryngeal mucosa to extraesophageal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 117:891–895
Birk S, Michaeli P, Kapsreiter M et al (2009) Dislokation von Stimmprothesen. Interdisziplinares Vorgehen bei Diagnostik und Therapie. Hno 57:1126–1130
Blom ED (2003) Some comments on the escalation of tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis dimensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129:500–502
Blom ED (2000) Tracheoesophageal voice restoration: origin–evolution–state-of-the-art. Folia Phoniatr Logop 52:14–23
Blom ED, Pauloski BR, Hamaker RC (1995) Functional outcome after surgery for prevention of pharyngospasms in tracheoesophageal speakers. Part I: speech characteristics. Laryngoscope 105:1093–1103
Blom ED, Singer MI, Hamaker RC (1982) Tracheostoma valve for postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 91:576–578
Bock JM, Brawley MK, Johnston N et al (2010) Analysis of pepsin in tracheoesophageal puncture sites. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119:799–805
Boscolo-Rizzo P, Marchiori C, Gava A et al (2008) The impact of radiotherapy and GERD on in situ lifetime of indwelling voice prostheses. Eur Archives Otorhinolaryngol 265:791–796
Boscolo-Rizzo P, Zanetti F, Carpené S et al (2008) Long-term results with tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis: primary versus secondary TEP. Eur Archives Otorhinolaryngol 265:73–77
Bozzo C, Meloni F, Trignano M et al (2013) Mediastinal abscess and esophageal stricture following voice prosthesis insertion. Auris Nasus Larynx Auris Nasus Larynx 41:229–233
Brasnu D, Pages JC, Laccourreye O et al (1994) Results of the treatment of spontaneous widening of tracheo-esophageal punctures after laryngeal implant. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 111:456–460
Brenner MJ, Floyd L, Collins SL (2007) Role of computed tomography and bronchoscopy in speech prosthesis aspiration. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116:882–886
Brown DH, Hilgers FJM, Irish JC et al (2003) Postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation: state of the art at the millennium. World J Surg 27:824–831
Bunting GW (2004) Voice following laryngeal cancer surgery: troubleshooting common problems after tracheoesophageal voice restoration. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 37:597–612
Calder N, Macandie C, Macgregor F (2006) Tracheoesophageal voice prostheses complications in north Glasgow. J Laryngol Otol 120:487–491
Chen HC, Tang YB, Chang MH (2001) Reconstruction of the voice after laryngectomy. Clin Plast Surg 28:389–402
Choi EC, Hong WP, Kim CB et al (2003) Changes of esophageal motility after total laryngectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:691–699
Cocuzza S, Bonfiglio M, Chiaramonte R et al (2012) Gastroesophageal reflux disease and postlaryngectomy tracheoesophageal fistula. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 269:1483–1488
Cocuzza S, Bonfiglio M, Chiaramonte R et al (2013) Relationship Between Radiotherapy and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Causing Tracheoesophageal Voice Rehabilitation Failure. J Voice 28:245–249
Conte SC, De Nardi E, Conte F et al (2012) Aspiration of tracheoesophageal prosthesis in a laryngectomized patient. Multidiscip Respir Med 7:25
Copper MP, Smit CF, Stanojcic LD et al (2000) High incidence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 110:1007–1011
Cornu AS, Vlantis AC, Elliott H et al (2003) Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy with the Provox voice prosthesis in South Africa. J Laryngol Otol 117:56–59
Counter P, Slack L, Athey G et al (2004) Unusual complication of surgical voice restoration. J Laryngol Otol 118:148–149
De Carpentier JP, Ryder WD, Saeed SR et al (1996) Survival times of Provox valves. J Laryngol Otol 110:37–42
De Raucourt D, Rame JP, Daliphard F et al (1998) Voice rehabilitation with a voice prosthesis. Study of 62 patients with 5 years follow-up. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 119:297–300
Delank KW, Scheuermann K (2008) Praktische Aspekte der prothetischen Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie. Laryngorhinootologie 87:160–166
Eckley CA, Michelsohn N, Rizzo LV et al (2004) Salivary epidermal growth factor concentration in adults with reflux laryngitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:401–406
Eerenstein SE, Grolman W, Schouwenburg PF (2002) Downsizing of voice prosthesis diameter in patients with laryngectomy: an in vitro study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:838–841
Elving GJ, Van Weissenbruch R, Busscher HJ et al (2002) The influence of radiotherapy on the lifetime of silicone rubber voice prostheses in laryngectomized patients. Laryngoscope 112:1680–1683
Elwany S, Nour YA, Magdy EA (2008) Does laryngopharyngeal reflux affect healing and recovery after tonsillectomy? J Laryngol Otol 122:603–608
Ferrer Ramirez MJ, Guallart Domenech F, Brotons Durban S et al (2001) Surgical voice restoration after total laryngectomy: long-term results. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258:463–466
Ford CN (2005) Evaluation and management of laryngopharyngeal reflux. JAMA 294:1534–1540
Franchi A, Brogelli B, Massi D et al (2007) Dilation of intercellular spaces is associated with laryngo-pharyngeal reflux: an ultrastructural morphometric analysis of laryngeal epithelium. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264:907–911
Fukutake T, Yamashita T (1993) Speech rehabilitation and complications of primary tracheoesophageal puncture. Acta Oto-Laryngol 500:117–120
Furuta Y, Homma A, Oridate N et al (2008) Surgical complications of salvage total laryngectomy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol 13:521–527
Garcia De Herreros A, Baulida J (2012) Cooperation, amplification, and feed-back in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825:223–228
Garth RJ, Mcrae A, Rhys Evans PH (1991) Tracheo-oesophageal puncture: a review of problems and complications. J Laryngol Otol 105:750–754
Gehrking E, Raap M, Sommer KD (2007) Classification and management of tracheoesophageal and tracheopharyngeal fistulas after laryngectomy. Laryngoscope 117:1943–1951
Gerwin JM, Culton GL (1993) Prosthetic voice restoration with the tracheostomal valve: a clinical experience. Am J Otolaryngol 14:432–439
Gill GA, Buda A, Moorghen M et al (2005) Characterisation of adherens and tight junctional molecules in normal animal larynx; determining a suitable model for studying molecular abnormalities in human laryngopharyngeal reflux. J Clin Pathol 58:1265–1270
Gill GA, Johnston N, Buda A et al (2005) Laryngeal epithelial defenses against laryngopharyngeal reflux: investigations of E-cadherin, carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III, and pepsin. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 114:913–921
Gonzalez-Garcia JA, Aguirregaviria JI (2010) Total voice prosthesis incarceration in the trachaeo-oesophageal mucosa. Report of a new complication when using phonatory prostheses. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 61:220–224
Grosu HB, Esteva FJ, Jimenez CA et al (2013) Speech prosthesis aspiration. Emerg Med J 30:85
Hagen R (2005) Chirurgische Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie. HNO 53:602–611
Hagen R, Lichtenberger G, De Maddalena H et al (2004) Rehabilitationskonzepte nach Laryngektomie. Laryngorhinootologie 83:780–782
Haridas RP (2010) Aspiration of a “speaking valve” or tracheo-oesophageal valve. Anaesth Intensiv Care 38:776–777 (author reply 777–778)
Hathurusinghe H, Uppal H, Shortridge R et al (2006) Case of the month: dislodged tracheo-oesophageal valve: importance of rapid replacement or stenting. Emerg Med J 23:322–324
Hilgers FJ, Ackerstaff AH, Balm AJ et al (1997) Development and clinical evaluation of a second-generation voice prosthesis (Provox 2), designed for anterograde and retrograde insertion. Acta Otolaryngol 117:889–896
Hilgers FJ, Ackerstaff AH, Van Rossum M et al (2010) Clinical phase I/feasibility study of the next generation indwelling Provox voice prosthesis (Provox Vega). Acta Otolaryngol 130:511–519
Hilgers FJ, Balm AJ (1993) Long-term results of vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy with the low-resistance, indwelling Provox voice prosthesis system. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 18:517–523
Hilgers FJ, Van as-Brooks CJ, Polak RM et al (2006) Surgical improvement of hypotonicity in tracheoesophageal speech. Laryngoscope 116:345–348
Hilgers FJM, Soolsma J, Ackerstaff AH et al (2008) A thin tracheal silicone washer to solve periprosthetic leakage in laryngectomies: direct results and long-term clinical effects. Laryngoscope 118:640–645
Hiltmann O, Buntrock M, Hagen R (2002) Mechanischer Ileus durch Provox-Stimmprothese—Beschreibung einer “iatrogenen” enteralen Komplikation nach Stimmprothesenwechsel. Laryngorhinootologie 81:890–893
Holmes AR, Van Der Wielen P, Cannon RD et al (2006) Candida albicans binds to saliva proteins selectively adsorbed to silicone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102:488–494
Hutcheson KA, Lewin JS, Sturgis EM et al (2011) Enlarged tracheoesophageal puncture after total laryngectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck 33:20–30
Hutcheson KA, Lewin JS, Sturgis EM et al (2012) Multivariable analysis of risk factors for enlargement of the tracheoesophageal puncture after total laryngectomy. Head Neck 34:557–567
Hutcheson KA, Lewin JS, Sturgis EM et al (2011) Outcomes and adverse events of enlarged tracheoesophageal puncture after total laryngectomy. Laryngoscope 121:1455–1461
Issing WJ, Fuchshuber S, Wehner M (2001) Incidence of tracheo-oesophageal fistulas after primary voice rehabilitation with the Provox or the Eska-Herrmann voice prosthesis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258:240–242
Izdebski K, Fontanesi J, Ross JC et al (1988) The effects of irradiation on alaryngeal voice of totally laryngectomized patients. I Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 14:1281–1286
Izdebski K, Reed CG, Ross JC et al (1994) Problems with tracheoesophageal fistula voice restoration in totally laryngectomized patients. A review of 95 cases. Arch Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 120:840–845
Jacobs K, Delaere PR, Vander Poorten VLM (2008) Submucosal purse-string suture as a treatment of leakage around the indwelling voice prosthesis. Head Neck 30:485–491
Jobe BA, Rosenthal E, Wiesberg TT et al (2002) Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux and outcome after laryngectomy in patients using tracheoesophageal speech. Am J Surg 183:539–543
Johnston N, Dettmar PW, Bishwokarma B et al (2007) Activity/stability of human pepsin: implications for reflux attributed laryngeal disease. Laryngoscope 117:1036–1039
Juarbe C, Shemen L, Eberle R et al (1986) Primary tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration. Am J Surg 152:464–466
Julien N, El-Bez M, Angelard B et al (1991) Vocal restoration by tracheo-esophageal fistula. Evaluation of a 5 years’ experience. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 108:164–168
Kagalwalla AF, Akhtar N, Woodruff SA et al (2012) Eosinophilic esophagitis: epithelial mesenchymal transition contributes to esophageal remodeling and reverses with treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 129(1387–1396):e1387
Kalcioglu MT, Kizilay A, Saydam L et al (2004) A report of four cases of acute mediastinitis occurring following tracheoesophageal puncture in laryngectomees. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 13:31–34
Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (2009) The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest 119:1420–1428
Kearney PL, Watkins JM, Shirai K et al (2011) Salvage resection for isolated local and/or regional failure of head/neck cancer following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy case series and review of the literature. Mcgill J Med 13:29
Kiprian D, Kawecki A, Jarzabski A et al (2011) The results and toxicity of organ preservation treatment for locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Otolaryngol Pol 65:363–368
Klozar J, Cada Z, Koslabova E (2012) Complications of total laryngectomy in the era of chemoradiation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 269:289–293
Korsten MA, Rosman AS, Fishbein S et al (1991) Chronic xerostomia increases esophageal acid exposure and is associated with esophageal injury. Am J Med 90:701–706
Krause E, Hempel JM, Gurkov R (2009) Botulinum toxin A prolongs functional durability of voice prostheses in laryngectomees with pharyngoesophageal spasm. Am J Otolaryngol 30:371–375
Kress P, Schäfer P, Schwerdtfeger FP (2006) The custom-fit voice prosthesis, for treatment of periprosthetic leakage after tracheoesophageal voice restoration. Laryngorhinootologie 85:496–500
Krom BP, Cohen JB, Mcelhaney-Feser G et al (2009) Conditions for optimal Candida biofilm development in microtiter plates. Methods Mol Biol 499:55–62
Kummer P, Chahoud M, Schuster M et al (2006) Prothetische Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie. Komplikationen und Misserfolge nach vorheriger Bestrahlung. HNO 54:315–322
Labruna A, Klatsky I, Huo J et al (1995) Tracheoesophageal puncture in irradiated patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 104:279–281
Laccourreye O, Ménard M, Crevier-Buchman L et al (1997) In situ lifetime, causes for replacement, and complications of the Provox voice prosthesis. Laryngoscope 107:527–530
Lam PK-Y, Ho W-K, Ho AC-W et al (2005) Long-term performance of indwelling tracheoesophageal speaking valves in Chinese patients undergoing laryngectomy. Arch Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 131:954–958
Leder SB, Erskine MC (1997) Voice restoration after laryngectomy: experience with the Blom-Singer extended-wear indwelling tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis. Head Neck 19:487–493
Leonhard M, Moser D, Reumueller A et al (2010) Comparison of biofilm formation on new Phonax and Provox 2 voice prostheses—a pilot study. Head Neck 32:886–895
Leonhard M, Reumüller A, Moser D et al (2009) Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Biofilmbildung auf 20 Provox2 Stimmventilen. Laryngorhinootologie 88:392–397
Leuin SC, Deschler DG (2013) The missing tracheoesophageal puncture prosthesis: evaluation and management. Ear Nose Throat J 92:E14–E16
Little FB, Koufman JA, Kohut RI et al (2008) Effect of gastric acid on the pathogenesis of subglottic stenosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 94:516–519
Lorenz K, Ehrhart T, Grieser L et al (2011) The management of periprosthetic leakage in the presence of supra-oesophageal reflux after prosthetic voice rehabilitation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 268:695–702
Lorenz KJ, Ehrhart T, Grieser L et al (2009) Coincidence of fistula enlargement and supra-oesophageal reflux in patients after laryngectomy and prosthetic voice restoration. Hno 57:1253–1261
Lorenz KJ, Grieser L, Ehrhart T et al (2011) Laryngectomised patients with voice prostheses: influence of supra-esophageal reflux on voice quality and quality of life. Hno 59:179–187
Lorenz KJ, Grieser L, Ehrhart T et al (2010) Prosthetic voice restoration after laryngectomy: the management of fistula complications with anti-reflux medications. HNO 58:919–926
Lorenz KJ, Grieser L, Ehrhart T et al (2010) Role of reflux in tracheoesophageal fistula problems after laryngectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119:719–728
Lorenz KJ, Kraft K, Graf F et al. (2014) The role of reflux-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in periprosthetic leakage after prosthetic voice rehabilitation. Head Neck Feb 15. doi:10.1002/hed.23622. [Epub ahead of print]
Lorenz KJ, Maier H (2009) Surgical treatment of enlarged trachoesophageal puncture with and without supraesophageal reflux: case report and review of literature. HNO 57:1317–1324
Lorenz KJ, Maier H (2011) Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. Initial clinical experience with the Provox-Vega® voice prosthesis and the SmartInserter® system. HNO 58:1174–1183
Mäkitie AA, Niemensivu R, Juvas A et al (2003) Postlaryngectomy voice restoration using a voice prosthesis: a single institution’s ten-year experience. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112:1007–1010
Malik T, Bruce I, Cherry J (2007) Surgical complications of tracheo-oesophageal puncture and speech valves. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 15:117–122
Malik TH, Badran KH, Belloso A et al (2004) Transient quadriplegia following re-puncture of tracheo-oesophageal fistula. J Laryngol Otol 118:734–736
Manni JJ, Van Den Broek P (1990) Surgical and prosthesis-related complications using the Groningen button voice prosthesis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 15:515–523
Marin Garrido C, Fernandez Liesa R, Valles Varela H et al (2007) Study of laryngopharyngeal reflux using pH-metering in immediate post-op of laryngectomized patients. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 58:284–289
Mehle ME, Lavertu P, Meeker SS et al (1992) Complications of secondary tracheoesophageal puncture: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106:189–192
Mehta AR, Sarkar S, Mehta SA et al (1995) The Indian experience with immediate tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 252:209–214
Mobashir MK, Basha WM, Mohamed AE et al (2014) Management of persistent tracheoesophageal puncture. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 271:379–383
Mozolewski E (1972) Surgical rehabilitation of voice and speech following laryngectomy. Otolaryngol Pol 26:653–661
Neumann A, Schultz-Coulon HJ (2000) Management von Komplikationen nach prothetischer Stimmrehabilitation. HNO 48:508–516
Nyquist GG, Hier MP, Dionisopoulos T et al (2006) Stricture associated with primary tracheoesophageal puncture after pharyngolaryngectomy and free jejunal interposition. Head Neck 28:205–209
Op De Coul BM, Hilgers FJ, Balm AJ et al (2000) A decade of postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation in 318 patients: a single Institution’s experience with consistent application of provox indwelling voice prostheses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:1320–1328
Pattani KM, Morgan M, Nathan CO (2009) Reflux as a cause of tracheoesophageal puncture failure. Laryngoscope 119:121–125
Pazmany L, Koufman JA, Phillips A et al (2008) Immunologic response of the laryngeal mucosa to extraesophageal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 117:891–895
Prichard AJ, Powell A, Samuel PR et al (1994) Surgical voice restoration: the Sunderland experience. J R Coll Surg Edinb 39:355–359
Rao Kadam V, Lambert P, Pant H et al (2010) ‘Speaking valve’ aspiration in a laryngectomy patient. Anaesth Intensive Care 38:197–200
Recher G, Pesavento G, Cristoferi V et al (1991) Italian experience of voice restoration after laryngectomy with tracheoesophageal puncture. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 100:206–210
Rees LE, Pazmany L, Gutowska-Owsiak D et al (2008) The mucosal immune response to laryngopharyngeal reflux. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:1187–1193
Reichel O, Mayr D, Durst F et al (2008) E-cadherin but not beta-catenin expression is decreased in laryngeal biopsies from patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265:937–942
Samuels TL, Handler E, Syring ML et al (2008) Mucin gene expression in human laryngeal epithelia: effect of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 117:688–695
Sarria Echegaray P, Tomas Barberan M, Mas Mercant S et al (2000) Pharmacological prophylaxis of gastroesophageal reflux. Incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 51:239–242
Schäfer P, Klützke N, Schwerdtfeger FP (2001) Prothetische Stimmrehabilitation nach Laryngektomie—analyse der Verweildauer von 378 Provox-1-, Provox-2- und Blom-Singer-Prothesen. Laryngorhinootologie 80:677–681
Scheuermann K, Delank KW (2005) Perforation of the esophagus with a mediastinal abscess. Hno 53:66–70
Seikaly H, Park P (1995) Gastroesophageal reflux prophylaxis decreases the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy. Laryngoscope 105:1220–1222
Shimazu R, Kusano K, Kuratomi Y et al (2008) Histological changes of the pharynx and larynx in rats with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. Acta Otolaryngol:1–7
Silver FM, Gluckman JL, Donegan JO (1985) Operative complications of tracheoesophageal puncture. Laryngoscope 95:1360–1362
Silverman AH, Black MJ (1994) Efficacy of primary tracheoesophageal puncture in laryngectomy rehabilitation. J Otolaryngol 23:370–377
Singer MI (2004) The development of successful tracheoesophageal voice restoration. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 37:507–517
Singer MI, Blom ED, Hamaker RC (1981) Further experience with voice restoration after total laryngectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 90:498–502
Singer MI, Blom ED, Hamaker RC (1983) Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. J Otolaryngol 12:329–334
Smit CF, Tan J, Mathus-Vliegen LM et al (1998) High incidence of gastropharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux after total laryngectomy. Head Neck 20:619–622
Stankovic M, Milisavljevic D, Stojanov D et al (2012) Influential factors, complications and survival rate of primary and salvage total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal cancer. Coll Antropol 36(Suppl 2):7–12
Starmer HM, Ishman SL, Flint PW et al (2009) Complications that affect postlaryngectomy voice restoration: primary surgery vs salvage surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135:1165–1169
Terada T, Saeki N, Toh K et al (2007) Voice rehabilitation with Provox2 voice prosthesis following total laryngectomy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 34:65–71
Tobey NA, Hosseini SS, Caymaz-Bor C et al (2001) The role of pepsin in acid injury to esophageal epithelium. Am J Gastroenterol 96:3062–3070
Trudeau MD, Schuller DE, Hall DA (1989) The effects of radiation on tracheoesophageal puncture. A retrospective study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:1116–1117
Van Weissenbruch R, Albers FW (1993) Vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy using the Provox voice prosthesis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 18:359–364
Wada T, Sasaki M, Kataoka H et al (2007) Histopathological diagnosis in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Nihon Rinsho 65:872–876
Ward PH, Andrews JC, Mikel RA et al (1988) Complications of medical and surgical approaches to voice restoration after total laryngectomy. Head Neck 10:124–128
Wilson JA (2005) What is the evidence that gastroesophageal reflux is involved in the etiology of laryngeal cancer? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 13:97–100
Wong SH, Yuen AP, Cheung C et al (2008) Long-term results of voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy using primary tracheoesophageal puncture in Chinese patients. Am J Otolaryngol 18:94–98
Wood JM, Hussey DJ, Woods CM et al (2011) Biomarkers and laryngopharyngeal reflux. J Laryngol Otol 125:1218–1224
Yellon RF, Szeremeta W, Grandis JR et al (1997) Role of subglottic injury, gastric juice, and peptide growth factors in a porcine model. Int Anesthesiol Clin 35:115–125
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lorenz, K.J. The development and treatment of periprosthetic leakage after prosthetic voice restoration. A literature review and personal experience part I: the development of periprosthetic leakage. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 272, 641–659 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3394-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3394-7