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Chlamydia trachomatis infection: implications for HPV status and cervical cancer

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Abstract

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections have been identified as a major health problem concern. CT is associated with adverse effect on women reproduction and also associated with cervical hypertrophy and induction of squamous metaplasia, providing a possible relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Infection by high-risk HPV types is crucial to the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but other co-variants/cofactors must be present for the development of malignancy. CT biological effect may damage the mucosal barrier, improving HPV infection, or may interfere in immune response and viral clearance supporting the persistence of HPV infection. Moreover, CT-related chronic cervical inflammation, decrease of lower genital tract antigen-presenting cells, inhibition of cell-mediated immunity, and anti-apoptotic capacity may influence the natural history of HPV infection, namely persistence progression or resolution. Although several epidemiological studies have stated a positive association involving CT and HPV-related cervical neoplastic lesions and/or cervical cancer (CC), the specific role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia has not been completely clarified. The present review summarizes several studies on CT role in cervical cancer and suggests future research directions on HPV and CT interaction.

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  1. Grupo Oncologia Molecular-CI, Laboratórios Piso 4, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, EPE, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal

    Jani Silva & Rui Medeiros

  2. Molecular Biology Laboratory-Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal

    Rui Medeiros

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Jani Silva

  4. CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal

    Jani Silva, Fátima Cerqueira & Rui Medeiros

  5. ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Rui Medeiros

  6. CEQUIMED, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Fátima Cerqueira

  7. LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC-NRN), Lisbon, Portugal

    Jani Silva & Rui Medeiros

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Silva, J., Cerqueira, F. & Medeiros, R. Chlamydia trachomatis infection: implications for HPV status and cervical cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 289, 715–723 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-3122-3

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