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Up-regulation of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor expression after compression-induced spinal cord injury in rats

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Abstract

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotential protein that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, pituitary hormone, immunoregulator, and mitogen. To elucidate function of MIF in spinal cord injury, we examined expression of MIF after compression-induced spinal cord injury using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The MIF mRNA was up-regulated in injured spinal cord, peaking 3 days after injury shown by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed up-regulation of MIF in microglia accumulating in the lesion epicenter 3 days after injury and astrocytes around the cystic cavity 1 week after injury. Double staining showed co-localization of MIF and tomato lectin in the lesioned site, indicating that microglia accumulating to the lesion epicenter express MIF. The time course of MIF expression is different from that of previous reports about cytokine expression peaking at earlier time points; thus, it is unlikely that MIF acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in the present study. The MIF may contribute to proliferation of astrocytes around the lesioned site in spinal cord injury because of its cell proliferation-promoting property.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8670, Chiba, Japan

    Masao Koda, Yutaka Nishio, Masayuki Hashimoto, Takahito Kamada, Shuhei Koshizuka, Hideshige Moriya & Masashi Yamazaki

  2. Department of Environmental Medical Science (SRL), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

    Masao Koda

  3. Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

    Katsunori Yoshinaga

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Shin Onodera

  5. Central Research Institute, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Jun Nishihira

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  1. Masao Koda
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  2. Yutaka Nishio
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  3. Masayuki Hashimoto
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  4. Takahito Kamada
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  5. Shuhei Koshizuka
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  6. Katsunori Yoshinaga
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  7. Shin Onodera
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  8. Jun Nishihira
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  9. Hideshige Moriya
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  10. Masashi Yamazaki
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Correspondence to Masao Koda.

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Koda, M., Nishio, Y., Hashimoto, M. et al. Up-regulation of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor expression after compression-induced spinal cord injury in rats. Acta Neuropathol 108, 31–36 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0853-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0853-z

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