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Calcineurin is a potent regulator for skeletal muscle regeneration by association with NFATc1 and GATA-2

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Abstract

The molecular signaling pathways involved in regeneration after muscle damage have not been identified. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that calcineurin, a calcium-regulated phosphatase recently implicated in the signaling of fiber-type conversion and muscle hypertrophy, is required to induce skeletal muscle remodeling. The amount of calcineurin and dephosphorylated nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) proteins was markedly increased in the regenerating muscle of rats. The amount of calcineurin co-precipitating with NFATc1 and GATA-2, and NFATc1 co-precipitating with GATA-2 gradually increased in the tibialis anterior muscle after bupivacaine injection. Calcineurin protein was present in the proliferating satellite cells labeled with BrdU in the damaged muscle after 4 days. In contrast, calcineurin was not detected in the quiescent nonactivating satellite cells expressing Myf-5. At 4 days post injection, many macrophages detected in the damaged and regenerating area did not possess calcineurin protein. Calcineurin protein was abundant in many myoblasts and myotubes that expressed MyoD and myogenin at 4 and 6 days post injection. In the intact muscle, no immunoreactivity of calcineurin or BrdU was detected in the cell membrane, cytosol or the extracellular connective tissue. In mice, intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporin A, a potent inhibitor of calcineurin, induced extensive inflammation, marked fiber atrophy, the appearance of immature myotubes, and calcification in the regenerating muscle compared with phosphate-buffered saline-administered mice. Thus, calcineurin may have an important role in muscle regeneration in association with NFATc1 and GATA-2.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grant nos. 10670775, 11780059, 12470108 and 13780029 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Legal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 456 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan

    Kunihiro Sakuma, Junji Nishikawa, Ryuta Nakao & Masahiro Yasuhara

  2. Department of Physiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center. Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, 480-0392, Aichi, Japan

    Kimi Watanabe & Tsuyoshi Totsuka

  3. Department of Human Development, Nakamura Gakuen University, 814-0198, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hiroshi Nakano

  4. Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Nishitakatsukasa, Taisyougun, Kitaku, 603-8334, Kyoto, Japan

    Mamoru Sano

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  1. Kunihiro Sakuma
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Correspondence to Kunihiro Sakuma.

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Sakuma, K., Nishikawa, J., Nakao, R. et al. Calcineurin is a potent regulator for skeletal muscle regeneration by association with NFATc1 and GATA-2. Acta Neuropathol 105, 271–280 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-002-0647-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-002-0647-0

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