Abstract
A powerful way to expand the time and frequency range of material properties is through a method called time-temperature superposition (TTS). Traditionally, TTS has been applied to the dynamical mechanical and flow properties of thermo-rheologically simple materials, where a well-defined master curve can be objectively and accurately obtained by appropriate shifts of curves at different temperatures. However, TTS analysis can also be useful in many other situations where there is scatter in the data and where the principle holds only approximately. In such cases, shifting curves can become a subjective exercise and can often lead to significant errors in the long-term prediction. This mandates the need for an objective method of determining TTS shifts. Here, we adopt a method based on minimizing the “arc length” of the master curve, which is designed to work in situations where there is overlapping data at successive temperatures. We examine the accuracy of the method as a function of increasing noise in the data, and explore the effectiveness of data smoothing prior to TTS shifting. We validate the method using existing experimental data on the creep strain of an aramid fiber and the powder coarsening of an energetic material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alwis KGNC, Burgoyne CJ (2006) Appl Compos Mater 13:249
Bae J-E, Cho KS, Seo KH, Kang D-G (2011) Korea-Aust. Rheol J 23:81. Application of geometric algorithm of time-temperature superposition to linear viscoelasticity of rubber compounds
Barbero EJ, Ford KJ (2004) ASME J Eng Mater Technol 126:413
Buttlar WG, Roque R, Reid B (1998) J Transp Res Board 1630:28
Cho KS (2009) Korea-Aust Rheol J 21:13
Cleveland WS, Devlin SJ (1988) J Am Stat Assoc 83:596
Coons JE, McKay MD, Hamada MS (2006) Polym Degrad Stab 91:1824
Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Gergesova M, Zupancic B, Supranov I, Emri I (2011) J Rheol 55:1
Hermida EB, Povolo F (1994) Polym. J. (Tokyo, Jpn.) 26: 981
Honerkamp J, Weese J (1993) Rheo Acta 32:57
Knauss WG (2008) Mech Time-Depend Mater 12:179
Laidler KJ (1987) Chemical kinetics. Harper and Row, New York
Li JV, Johnston SW, Yan Y, Levi DH (2010) Rev Sci Instrum 81:033910
Maiti A, Gee RH (2011) Prop Explos Pyrotech 36:125
Maiti A, Han Y, Zaka F, Gee RH (2015) Prop Explos Pyrotech 40:419
Naya S, Meneses A, Tarrio-Saavedra J, Artiaga R, Lopez-Beceiro J, Gracia-Fernandez C (2013) J Therm Anal Calorim 113:453
Neag CM, Bruce Prime R (1991) J Coat Tech 63:37
Patel M, Chinn S, Maxwell RS, Wilson TS, Birdsell SA (2010) Polym Degrad Stab 95:2499
Patel M, Skinner AR (2001) Polym Degrad Stab 73:399
Williams ML (1964) Structural analysis of viscoelastic materials. Aiaa j 2:785
Williams ML, Landel RF, Ferry JD (1955) J Am Chem Soc 77:3701
Zhao J, Knauss WG, Ravichandran G (2007) Mech Time-Depend Mater 11:289
Acknowledgments
This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maiti, A. A geometry-based approach to determining time-temperature superposition shifts in aging experiments. Rheol Acta 55, 83–90 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-015-0898-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-015-0898-z