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Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer

  • Original Contribution
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European Journal of Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods

We used data from a hospital-based case–control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2008; the study included 326 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 652 controls matched by age, gender and study center. Subjects’ usual diet was collected through a valid and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. A DRRD score was derived from 8 dietary components: cereal fiber, total fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated to saturated fats ratio and nuts (higher score for higher intake), and dietary glycemic index, red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices (higher score for lower intake). The score ranged 8–37, with higher values indicating greater DRRD adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) of pancreatic cancer according to the DRRD score were estimated using multiple conditional logistic regression models.

Results

After allowance for confounding factors, the DRRD score was inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk, with ORs of 0.55 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.38–0.80) for the highest versus the lowest score tertile (p for trend across tertiles = 0.002) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.95) for a 3-point score increment. The exclusion of diabetic subjects and additional adjustment for vegetable intake did not change the results. Inverse associations were observed in subgroups defined by age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking and total energy intake.

Conclusion

Study findings suggest a protective role of high adherence to a DRRD on pancreatic cancer risk.

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Availability of data and material

The dataset used and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

SAS code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

Fondazione AIRC, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul cancro, Milano; FIRC, Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Federica Turati

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Marta Rossi, Francesca Bravi, Eva Negri & Carlo La Vecchia

  3. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

    Veronica Mattioli

  4. Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, Napoli, Italy

    Eva Negri

Authors
  1. Federica Turati
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  2. Marta Rossi
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  4. Francesca Bravi
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  5. Eva Negri
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  6. Carlo La Vecchia
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Contributions

FT analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript; CLV and EN conducted research; CLV, EN, MR and FB contributed substantially to the interpretation of data; all authors contributed to manuscript revision and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Federica Turati.

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The study was approved by the local ethics committees according to the rules at the time of data collection and performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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All enrolled subjects signed an informed consent, according to the recommendations of the Board of Ethics of each participating center.

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Turati, F., Rossi, M., Mattioli, V. et al. Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nutr 61, 309–316 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02646-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02646-5

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