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Modulation of human intestinal microbiota in a clinical trial by consumption of a β-d-glucan-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic, immune- and microbiota-modulatory effect of a mushroom extract in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Methods

A randomized, controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial was carried out with subjects from 18 to 65 years old (n = 52) with untreated mild hypercholesterolemia. Volunteers consumed a β-d-glucan-enriched (BGE) mixture (10.4 g/day) obtained from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) ensuring a 3.5 g/day of fungal β-d-glucans or a placebo incorporated in three different commercial creams.

Results

This mixture showed hypocholesterolemic activities in vitro and in animal studies. After eight weeks intervention, no significant differences in lipid- or cholesterol-related parameters were found compared to placebo subjects as well as before and after the BGE mixture administration. No inflammatory or immunomodulatory responses were noticed and no changes in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α or oxLDL were recorded. However, consumption of the BGE mixture was safe and managed to achieve the dietary fibre intake recommended as cardiovascular protective diet. Moreover, the BGE mixture modulated the colonic microbiota differently compared to placebo. Microbial community composition varied from before to after the intervention with several genera being positively or negatively correlated with some biomarkers related to cholesterol metabolism.

Conclusion

These results suggested a relation between cholesterol metabolism, microbiota and BGE administration. Nevertheless, the precise significance of this differential modulation was not fully elucidated and requires further studies.

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Code availability

Analytical code is available.

Abbreviations

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

TC:

Total cholesterol

BGE:

β-d-glucan-enriched mixture

CG:

Control group

TG:

Treatment group

BMI:

Body mass index

WC:

Waist circumference

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a national R&D program from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2014-56211-R) and a regional program from the Community of Madrid, Spain (S2013/ABI-2728). Conserves Ferrer S.A. and Glucanfeed S.L are acknowledged because of their help by providing the food matrices utilized in the clinical study. HS and SAS acknowledge support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research through the UNLOCK project (NRGWI.obrug.2018.005).

Funding

This research was supported by a national R&D program from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2014-56211-R), a regional program from the Community of Madrid, Spain (S2013/ABI-2728) and the UNLOCK project (NRGWI.obrug.2018.005) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Diego Morales, Francisco Ramón Marín & Cristina Soler-Rivas

  2. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Sudarshan A. Shetty & Hauke Smidt

  3. Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain

    Bricia López-Plaza & Carmen Gómez-Candela

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  1. Diego Morales
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Correspondence to Diego Morales.

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The study was approved by the Scientific Research and Ethics Committee of the HULP (La Paz University Hospital) (Code 4813) in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov under the number NCT03550287.

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Morales, D., Shetty, S.A., López-Plaza, B. et al. Modulation of human intestinal microbiota in a clinical trial by consumption of a β-d-glucan-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes. Eur J Nutr 60, 3249–3265 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02504-4

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