Abstract
Compared to the zonal-mean Hadley cell (HC), our knowledge of the characteristics, influence factors and associated climate anomalies of the regional HC remains quite limited. Here, we examine interannual variability of the northern poleward HC edge over western Pacific (WPHCE) during boreal winter. Results suggest that interannual variability of the WPHCE is impacted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki, North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The WPHCE tends to shift poleward during negative phase of the ENSO Modoki, and positive phases of the NPO and NAO, which highlights not merely the tropical forcing but also the extratropical signals that modulate the WPHCE. ENSO modoki, NPO and NAO modulate the WPHCE via inducing atmospheric anomalies over the western North Pacific. We further investigate the climatic impacts of the WPHCE on East Asia. The poleward shift of the northern descending branch of the WPHC results in anomalous upward (downward) motions and upper-level divergence (convergence) anomalies over south-central China (northern East-Asia), leading to increased (decreased) rainfall there. Moreover, pronounced cold surface air temperature anomalies appear over south-central China when the sinking branch of the WPHC moves poleward. Based on the temperature diagnostic analysis, negative surface temperature tendency anomalies over central China are mostly attributable to the cold zonal temperature advection and ascent-induced adiabatic cooling, while the negative anomalies over South China are largely due to the cold meridional temperature advection. These findings could improve our knowledge of the WPHCE variability and enrich the knowledge of forcing factors for East Asian winter climate.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments, which help to improve the paper. This study is supported jointly by the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant no. 2018YFC1507602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41230527, 41605050, 41661144016). The NCEP1 and NCEP 2 data were obtained from ftp://ftp.cdc.noaa.gov/. The ERAINT data were obtained from http://apps.ecmwf.int/. The JRA55 data were obtained from http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html. The DEL rainfall and SAT data and ERSST.v5 data were obtained from https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/index.html. The HadISST data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/.
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Huang, R., Chen, S., Chen, W. et al. Northern poleward edge of regional Hadley cell over western Pacific during boreal winter: year-to-year variability, influence factors and associated winter climate anomalies. Clim Dyn 56, 3643–3664 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05660-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05660-9