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Extra-tropical cyclonic/anticyclonic activity in North-Eastern Pacific and air temperature extremes in Western North America

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Abstract

Synoptic extra-tropical cyclone and anticyclone trajectories have been constructed from mean daily sea level pressure (SLP) data using a new automated scheme. Frequency, intensity and trajectory characteristics of these transients have been summarized to form indices describing wintertime cyclonic and anticyclonic activity over the North-Eastern Pacific (east of 170°W) during 1950–2001. During this period, the strength of anticyclones gradually diminished and their frequency became more variable, while cyclones intensified in a discrete shift with deeper lows and further southerly trajectories occurring since the mid-1970s. These changes in synoptic transients translate into anomalously low seasonal mean SLP in the Aleutian Low, a low-level circulation anomaly consistent with the positive phase of the North Pacific Decadal Oscillation, with positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies along the west coast of North America and negative in the central North Pacific Ocean. A link between cyclonic/anticyclonic activity and tropical SST anomalies also exists, but this link only becomes significant after the mid-1970s, a period that coincides with more southerly cyclone trajectories. Southward excursions of mid-latitude cyclones during El Niño/positive NPO winters accomplish the northward advection of tropical air and discourage the southward penetration of polar air masses associated with transient anticyclones. Naturally, these changes in cyclonic/anticyclonic activity directly impact surface air temperatures, especially at night. We document these profound impacts on observed wintertime minimum temperatures over Western North America.

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Acknowledgments

The work presented here is part of the first author’s Ph.D. thesis. Partial funding was provided by the California Climate Change Center, sponsored by the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research Program, by the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the California Energy Security Project, grant #NA17RJ1231, and by the NOAA Office of Global Programs, under the California Applications Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de Recherches de Climatologie (CRC), UMR 5210 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France

    Alice Favre

  2. Climate Research Division—0224, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0224, USA

    Alexander Gershunov

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  1. Alice Favre
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Correspondence to Alexander Gershunov.

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Favre, A., Gershunov, A. Extra-tropical cyclonic/anticyclonic activity in North-Eastern Pacific and air temperature extremes in Western North America. Clim Dyn 26, 617–629 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0101-9

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