Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Teleconnected influence of the boreal winter Antarctic Oscillation on the Somali Jet: Bridging role of sea surface temperature in southern high and middle latitudes

  • Published:
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The teleconnection impact of the boreal winter Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) on the Somali Jet (SMJ) intensity in the following spring and summer is examined in this paper. The variability of the boreal winter AAO is positively related to the SMJ intensity in both spring and summer. The analyses show that the SST in southern high and middle latitudes seems to serve as a bridge linking these two systems. When the AAO is in strong positive phase, SST over the Southern Ocean cools in the high latitudes and warms in the middle latitudes, which persists into summer; however, the variability of SST in southern high and middle latitudes is also closely correlated to SMJ intensity.

A possible mechanism that links SST variability with the AAO-SMJ relationship is also discussed. The AAO in boreal winter produces an SST anomaly pattern in southern high and middle latitudes through the air–sea coupling. This AAOrelated SST anomaly pattern modulates the local Ferrel cell anomaly in summer, followed by the regional Hadley cell anomaly in tropics. The anomalous vertical motion in tropics then changes the land–sea thermal contrast between the tropical Indian Ocean and the Asian continent through the variability of low cloud cover and downward surface longwave radiation flux. Finally, the land–sea thermal contrast anomaly between the tropical Indian Ocean and the Asian continent changes the SMJ intensity. The results from Community Atmosphere Model experiments forced by the SST anomaly in southern high and middle latitudes also confirm this diagnostic physical process to some extent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Carton, J. A., G. Chepurin, X. H. Cao, and B. Giese, 2000a: A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950–95. Part I: Methodology. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 294–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carton, J. A., G. Chepurin, and X. H. Cao, 2000b: A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950–95. Part II: Results. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 311–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B., P.W. Guo, and Y. C. Xiang, 2005: Relationship between summer cross–equatorial flows and ENSO. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 30, 779–785. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cong, J., Z. Y. Guan, and L. J. Wang, 2007: Interannual (interdecadal) variabilities of two cross–equatorial flows in association with the Asia summer monsoon variations. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 30(6), 779–785. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty, A., R. S. Nanjundiah, and J. Srinivasan, 2009: Impact of African orography and the Indian summer monsoon on the low–level Somali jet. Inter. J. Climatol., 29, 983–992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai, W., and Z. N. Xiao, 2014: Multi–time scale variation characteristics of Somali jet and its contact with precipitation in China. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 30(2), 368–376. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Findlater, J., 1969: A major low–level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 362–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, A., and A. F. Krueger, 1984: The status of the NOAA outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 958–962, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065<0958:TSOTNO>2.0CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong, D. Y., and S. W. Wang, 1999: Definition of Antarctic oscillation index. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 459–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, H., F. Xue, and H. Wang, 2003: Influence of interannual variability of Antarctic oscillation on meiyu along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley and its importance to prediction. Chinese Science Bulletin, 48, 61–67. (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, H., Y. Y. Liu, Y. G. Wang, and W. J. Li, 2013: Precursory influence of the Antarctic Oscillation on the onset of Asian summer monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 678–683, doi: 10.1007/s11434-012–5455–x. (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, D., and P. M. Woiceshyn, 2001: Somali jet in the Arabian Sea, El Ni˜no, and India rainfall. J. Climate, 14, 434–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoerling, M. P., J. W. Hurrell, T. Xu, G. T. Bates, and A. S. Phillips, 2004: Twentieth century North Atlantic climate change. Part II: Understanding the effect of Indian Ocean warming. Climate Dyn., 23, 391–405, doi: 10.1007/s00382-004–0433x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, C. H., J. H. Kin, C. H. Sui, and D. Y. Gong, 2005: Possible influence of the Antarctic Oscillation on tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19104, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T. N., and H. N. Bhalme, 1976: Oscillations of a monsoon system. Part I: Observational aspects. J. Atmos. Sci., 33(10), 1937–1954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T. N., J. Molinari, and H. L. Pan, 1976: Numerical simulation of the Somali jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2350–2362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40–year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437–471, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, X. C., and X. Q. Yang, 2008: Interannual variation characteristic of east hemispheric cross–equatorial flow and its contemporaneous relationships with temperature and rainfall in China. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 24(2), 127–135. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, C., and S. L. Li, 2014: Interannual seesaw between the Somali and the Australian cross–equatorial flows and its connection to the East Asian Summer Monsoon. J. Climate, 27, 3966–3981, doi: 10.1175/JCLI–D–13-00288.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nan, S. L., and J. P. Li, 2003: The relationship between the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and the boreal spring Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2266, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nan, S. L., J. P. Li, X. J. Yuan, and P. Zhao, 2009: Boreal spring Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, Indian Ocean sea surface temperature, and East Asian summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02103, doi: 10.1029/2008JD010045.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neale, R. B., and Coauthors, 2010: Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5.0), NCAR Technical Note. [Available online at http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ cesm1.0/cam/docs/description/cam5desc.pdf.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmad, and D. Hartmann, 1989: Cloud–radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science, 243(4887), 57–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan, V., B. Subasilar, G. J. Zhang, W. Conant, R. D. Cess, J. T. Kiehi, H. Grassi, and L. Shi, 1995: Warm pool heat budget and shortwave cloud forcing: A missing physics? Science, 267(5197), 499–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodwell, M. J., and B. J. Hoskins, 1995: A model of the Asian summer monsoon. Part II: Cross–equatorial flow and PVbehavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1341–1356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 2004: Improved extended reconstruction of SST (1854–1997). J. Climate, 17, 2466–2477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, W. J., and Z. N. Xiao, 2013: Variation of the cross–equatorial moisture transport in Somali and its impact on china early summer rainfall in nearly 60 years. Meteorological Monthly, 39, 39–45. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, W. J., and Z. N. Xiao, 2014: Impact of the preceding boreal winter Southern Annular Mode on the summertime Somali Jet. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. Lett., 7, 534–539, doi: 10.3878/ AOSL20140045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tao, W. K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, C. H. Sui, B. Ferrier, and M. D. Chou, 1996: Mechanisms of cloud–radiation interaction in the tropics and midlatitudes. J. Atmos. Sci., 53(18), 2624–2651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month–to–month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000–1016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA–40 re–analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012, doi: 10.1256/qj.04.176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ummenhofer, C. C., A. S. Gupta, M. J. Pook, and M. H. England, 2008: Anomalous rainfall over southwest Western Australia forced by Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures. J. Climate, 21, 5113–5134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H. J., and F. Xue, 2003: Interannual variability of Somali jet and its influences on the inter–hemispheric water vapor transport and on the East Asian summer rainfall. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 46, 18–25. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z. W., J. P. Li, B. Wang, and X. H. Liu, 2009: Can the Southern Hemisphere annular mode affect China winter monsoon? J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11107, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z., J. Li, Z. Jiang, and T. Ma, 2012: Modulation of the Tibetan Plateau snow cover on the ENSO teleconnections: From the East Asian summer monsoon perspective. J. Climate, 25, 2481–2489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z. W., J. Dou, and H. Lin, 2015: Potential influence of the November–December Southern Hemisphere annular mode on the East Asian winter precipitation: A new mechanism. Climate Dyn., 44, 1215–1226, doi: 10.1007/s00382-014-2241-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, F., and J. P. Li, 2012: Impact of preceding boreal winter southern hemisphere annular mode on spring precipitation over south China and related mechanism. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 55(11), 3542–3557, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y. L., 2012: Variations of the summer Somali and Australia cross–equatorial flows and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 29(3), 509–518, doi: 10.1007/s00376-011–1120-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Wenjing Shi & Ziniu Xiao

  2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Wenjing Shi & Ziniu Xiao

  3. Training Center, China Metrological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jianjun Xue

  4. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Wenjing Shi

Authors
  1. Wenjing Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ziniu Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jianjun Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ziniu Xiao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shi, W., Xiao, Z. & Xue, J. Teleconnected influence of the boreal winter Antarctic Oscillation on the Somali Jet: Bridging role of sea surface temperature in southern high and middle latitudes. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 33, 47–57 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5094-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5094-7

Key words

Search

Navigation