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Greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacterial community as affected by biochar amendments after periodic mineral fertilizer applications

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Abstract

In a 338-d microcosm incubation experiment, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and bacterial diversity were studied in a clayey soil amended with 5% (w/w) biochar in the presence or absence of 4% (w/w) peat- and shrimp-based compost used as an additional C source. Two maple biochars produced at 400 °C (M400) or 700 °C (M700) and pine chips produced at 700 °C (P700) were tested. In comparison with soil supplemented or not with compost, the addition of any biochar resulted in lower total cumulative N2O emission (90% to 97%). The low porosity of M400 and M700 increased soil anaerobic conditions and resulted in higher total cumulative CH4 emission compared to the other soil treatments. In addition, the lowest total cumulative CO2 emission was observed with M700, probably due to its low-priming effect on native soil C decomposition. In all treatments, compost addition had the highest impact on both soil bacterial richness and community composition, particularly on bacteria of the class Anaerolineae. At day 338, results showed that modification of soil properties by maple biochars reduced bacterial diversity and induced shifts in the taxonomic composition of their community. In fact, heterotrophic bacteria involved in denitrification, such as genera Haliangium, Hyphomicrobium, Opititus, and Pedomicrobium, increased in abundance in response to the amendment with maple biochars. We conclude that the nature of biochar feedstock can impact soil bacterial diversity by changing soil physicochemical properties, thus influencing C dynamics, porosity, and pH, and by mitigating total cumulative GHG emissions.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Normand Bertrand, Claude Lévesque, Sylvie Côté, and Mireille Thériault for their help in laboratory analysis and constructive discussions. V. Lévesque was the recipient of a Ph.D. scholarship from the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies. This work was supported by the program “Soutien à l’innovation en agroalimentaire, un programme issu de l’accord du cadre Cultivons l’avenir conclu entre le Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec et Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.”

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  1. Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, QC, Canada

    Vicky Lévesque, Philippe Rochette, Noura Ziadi & Martin H. Chantigny

  2. Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada

    Richard Hogue & Thomas Jeanne

  3. Centre de recherche en innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada

    Martine Dorais & Hani Antoun

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  1. Vicky Lévesque
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Lévesque, V., Rochette, P., Hogue, R. et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacterial community as affected by biochar amendments after periodic mineral fertilizer applications. Biol Fertil Soils 56, 907–925 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01470-z

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