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Mapping brain structure and function: cellular resolution, global perspective

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Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of the brain requires analysis, although from a global perspective, with cellular, and even subcellular, resolution. An important step towards this goal involves the establishment of three-dimensional high-resolution brain maps, incorporating brain-wide information about the cells and their connections, as well as the chemical architecture. The progress made in such anatomical brain mapping in recent years has been paralleled by the development of physiological techniques that enable investigators to generate global neural activity maps, also with cellular resolution, while simultaneously recording the organism’s behavioral activity. Combination of the high-resolution anatomical and physiological maps, followed by theoretical systems analysis of the deduced network, will offer unprecedented opportunities for a better understanding of how the brain, as a whole, processes sensory information and generates behavior.

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Fig. 1

From: Wellcome Images (http://wellcomeimages.org)

Fig. 2

From: Wellcome Images (http://wellcomeimages.org)

Fig. 3
Fig. 4

From: Swanson (2004 )

Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Adapted from: Sîrbulescu et al. (2014)

Fig. 7

Adapted from: Portugues et al. 2014

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Acknowledgements

Ricardo Martínez (Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain), Larry W. Swanson (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA), Rob Piercy (Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA), and Michael B. Orger (Champalimaud Neuroscience Program, Lisbon, Portugal) supplied Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 7, respectively. Drs. Swanson and Orger also provided helpful comments on the manuscript, as did two anonymous reviewers. I am grateful to each of them. Research relevant to this review article is funded by Grant number 1538505, awarded by the National Science Foundation to G.K.H.Z. and Rifat Sipahi.

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    Günther K. H. Zupanc

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Zupanc, G.K.H. Mapping brain structure and function: cellular resolution, global perspective. J Comp Physiol A 203, 245–264 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-017-1163-y

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