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Non-invasive measurement of void fraction and liquid temperature in microchannel flow boiling

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Abstract

Past thermometry research for two-phase microfluidic systems made much progress regarding wall temperature distributions, yet the direct measurement of fluid temperature has received little attention. This paper uses a non-invasive two-dye/two-color fluorescent technique to capture fluid temperature along with local liquid fraction in a two-phase microflow generated by injecting air into a heated microchannel. The fluorescent emission of Rhodamine 110 and Rhodamine B, measured with photodiodes, is used to obtain local liquid temperature (±3°C) and void fraction (±2% full-scale) over a temperature range from 45 to 100°C. Arrays of these sensors can significantly expand the set of measurable flow parameters to include bubble/slug frequency, size, velocity, and growth rates in addition to mapping the local liquid temperature and void fraction.

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Abbreviations

α :

void fraction

β :

liquid fraction

ε :

perturbation in signal

κ :

extinction coefficient of H2O (m−1)

ξ :

intensity constant group (W m)

σ :

surface tension (N m−1)

ϕ :

quantum efficiency

Φ:

quantum efficiency constant group (m−1)

a :

molar extinction coefficient (L mol−1 m−1)

A :

area (m2)

c :

concentration (mol L−1)

d :

diameter (m)

H :

channel depth (m)

E :

error

I :

incident intensity (W m−2)

p :

pressure (N m−2)

P :

power (W)

\( \hat{P} \) :

normalized Power

T :

temperature (°C)

T :

transmittance

t :

time (s)

V :

voltage (V)

λ,inc:

incident wavelength

a :

absorbed

d :

detected

dye:

property of a dye

e :

emitted

fo:

all liquid

g :

glass

go:

all vapor

m :

measurement

ref:

reference value

PD:

photodiode

PRED:

predicted

TC:

thermocouple

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Acknowledgments

The research was performed under appointment to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Fellowship Program sponsored by Naval Reactors Division of the US Department of Energy. We also acknowledge support from the MARCO Interconnect Focus Center, and from the Stanford Graduate Fellowship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Creare Inc.,16 Great Hollow Rd, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA

    David Fogg

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, Room 224, Stanford, CA, 94305-3030, USA

    Milnes David & Kenneth Goodson

Authors
  1. David Fogg
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  2. Milnes David
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  3. Kenneth Goodson
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Correspondence to David Fogg.

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Fogg, D., David, M. & Goodson, K. Non-invasive measurement of void fraction and liquid temperature in microchannel flow boiling. Exp Fluids 46, 725–736 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0604-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0604-3

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