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FPIV study of gas entrainment by a hollow cone spray submitted to variable density

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Abstract

The gas entrainment in a hollow cone spray submitted to variable density is studied experimentally in order to better understand the effect on mixture formation. Particle image velocimetry on fluorescent tracers, associated with a specific processing of the instantaneous velocity fields have been applied to obtain measurement in the close vicinity of the spray edge. In the “quasi-steady” region of the spray, important effect of the ambient density on the mass flow rate of entrained gas \( (\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{m}_{{\text{e}}} ) \) have been pointed out. The axial evolution of \( \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{m}_{{\text{e}}} \) is in good agreement with an integral model that takes the momentum exchange between phases into account.

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Abbreviations

asoi:

after start of injection

cc:

centimeter cube

d :

diameter

CF4 :

tetrafluoromethane

FPIV:

fluorescent particles images velocimetry

GDI:

gasoline direct injection

NMT:

normalized median residual test

P :

pressure

rpm:

revolutions per minute

R :

radial distance

U :

velocity component

Z :

axial distance

Z i :

axial location between “near” and “far” model’s transition point

λ:

wavelength

ρ:

gas density

τ:

time response

θ:

cone spray angle

L*:

estimated transition length ratio from measurement

Re :

Reynold number

T*:

length ratio based on droplet time response

Δerror :

relative error

0:

initial

a:

axial

inj:

injection

H:

hydraulic

p:

particle

r:

radial

⊥ :

normal

‖ :

tangential

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from PSA, Siemens VDO Automotive, the Association Nationale de la Recherche Technique (ANRT) and the European Research Institute for Embedded Systems and Technologies (IERSET). The authors would also like to thank G. Couteau, M. Marchal, E. Cid and H. Ayroles for technical support.

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Author notes

  1. G. Delay

    Present address: Logiqual, 17, av Didier Daurat, 31700, Blagnac, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT-UPS 5502, Av. Camille Soula, 31400, Toulouse, France

    B. Prosperi, G. Delay & R. Bazile

  2. Siemens VDO Automotive, P GS AD INCAS, 1, av Paul Ourliac, BP 1149, 31036, Toulouse, France

    B. Prosperi, J. Helie & H. J. Nuglish

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  1. B. Prosperi
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  2. G. Delay
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  3. R. Bazile
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  4. J. Helie
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  5. H. J. Nuglish
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Correspondence to B. Prosperi.

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Prosperi, B., Delay, G., Bazile, R. et al. FPIV study of gas entrainment by a hollow cone spray submitted to variable density. Exp Fluids 43, 315–327 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0304-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0304-4

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