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Diagnosing the Nutritional Balance of Almond (Prunus sp.) Orchards Using DRIS and DOP Methods

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Abstract

Testing and developing nutrient diagnosis methods, which can result in the optimum production of fruits, is of significance. The nutritional balance and requirements of almond (Prunus sp.) orchards, in the city of Saman (province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran, one of the biggest producers of almond in the country), were investigated using the methods of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) in a two-year research. Using 36 gardens along the Zayandehrud River in a 60-km distance, soil physical and chemical properties, as well as leaf micro- and macro-nutrient contents were determined. Similar plant samples (leaf + petiole) in terms of age, genotype and rootstock were collected from the unfruitful trees. The most deficient nutrients including S, Cu, Zn and Mn were indicated by the DRIS and DOP methods. However, according to the DRIS method Mg, and according to the DOP method N, K and Mg were determined as the most excessive macronutrients. Interestingly, both methods indicated Mo as the most excessive micronutrient. The balance indexes of different nutrients for different orchards indicated that the nutritional balances of the orchards from the highest to the least deficiency are according to the following order Cu > S > Zn > Mn > Cl > P > Ca > Mg > B > N > K > Fe > Mo. Such results indicate the precisions and some similarities between the two methods. However, the two methods were compared using SAS Proc GLM, Proc REG, and Proc NLIN. The analyses indicated that the two methods were significantly different and the DOP method (significant model) indicated higher correlation with the results. Accordingly, the DOP method may be a more accurate method of estimating almond yield as affected by the concentration of different nutrients. It is possible to determine the deficiency, balance and excessiveness of nutrients in almond orchards using the DRIS and DOP methods, which is of economic and environmental significance, worldwide.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank very much AbtinBerkeh Scientific Ltd. Company (https://AbtinBerkeh.com), Isfahan, Iran, for editing the manuscript and revising it according to the journal format.

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There was not any funding for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori

  2. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori, Ebrahim Panahpour, Ramin Iranipour & Abdolamir Moezzi

  3. Soil and Water Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREOO, Shahrekord, Iran

    Ramin Iranipour

  4. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Abdolamir Moezzi

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  1. Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori
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  2. Ebrahim Panahpour
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  3. Ramin Iranipour
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  4. Abdolamir Moezzi
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Correspondence to Ebrahim Panahpour.

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Chaleshtori, A.A., Panahpour, E., Iranipour, R. et al. Diagnosing the Nutritional Balance of Almond (Prunus sp.) Orchards Using DRIS and DOP Methods. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 1640–1651 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10214-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10214-0

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