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Nitric Oxide-Mediated Enhancement in Photosynthetic Efficiency, Ion Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism that Boosts Overall Photosynthetic Machinery in Mustard Plants

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a gaseous diffusible plant growth regulator. It plays an important role in growth and development of plants. Therefore, in present study mustard plants were sprayed with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (0, 10–4 M, 10–5 M and 10–6 M), a donor of NO, at 25 days after sowing to assess different physiological parameters. The results indicate that foliar spray of SNP upregulate chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence along with gaseous exchange parameters which further boost overall photosynthetic efficiency. A gradual increase in carbon metabolism (total reducing sugars, total carbohydrate content, glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch content) was also observed in SNP-treated plants as compared to control. Nutrient status (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and magnesium) of leaves also shows a significant increase. The activity of various enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, CO2/HCO3− homeostasis, glycolysis, Calvin cycle and Krebs cycle (nitrate reductase, carbonic anhydrase, hexokinase, rubisco, fumarase and succinate dehydrogenase) were also increased in the presence of SNP. It was also reported that O2−, H2O2 and MDA were decreased in SNP-treated samples. SNP application also upregulate antioxidative defense system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., CAT, POX and SOD. Thus, it can be concluded from the present observation that SNP proved beneficial and alter most of the parameters which ultimately improve photosynthetic efficiency in mustard plants.

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Abbreviations

NO:

Nitric oxide

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

g s :

Stomatal conductance

C i :

Internal CO2 concentration

E :

Transpiration rate

P N :

Net photosynthetic rate

F v/F m :

Maximal PSII efficiency

ɸPSII:

Actual PSII efficiency

qP:

Photochemical quenching

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

ETR:

Electron transport rate

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

O2 − :

Superoxide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

CAT:

Catalase

POX:

Peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

DAS:

Days after sowing

IRGA:

Infrared gas analyzer

NR:

Nitrate reductase

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

PVP:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

PMSF:

Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride

TEMED:

Tetramethyl ethylene diamine

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

RuBP:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

DAB:

3,3′-Diaminobenzidine

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

DNS:

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid

PI:

Propidium iodide

LSD:

Least significant difference

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

.OH:

Hydroxyl radical

C:

Carbon

Mg:

Magnesium

K:

Potassium

S:

Sulfur

P:

Phosphorus

N:

Nitrogen

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  1. Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Fareen Sami, Husna Siddiqui & Shamsul Hayat

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  1. Fareen Sami
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  2. Husna Siddiqui
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  3. Shamsul Hayat
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Correspondence to Shamsul Hayat.

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Sami, F., Siddiqui, H. & Hayat, S. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Enhancement in Photosynthetic Efficiency, Ion Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism that Boosts Overall Photosynthetic Machinery in Mustard Plants. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 1088–1110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10166-5

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