Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improved Tolerance of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings to Low-Temperature Stress by the Combined Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Paclobutrazol

  • Published:
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Low-temperature damage is a common problem for tropical and subtropical plants during their early-growth stage. In this study, an experiment with a L18 (21 × 37) mixed orthogonal array in a greenhouse was conducted to determine whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and paclobutrazol (PBZ) application through foliar spray would enhance the chilling tolerance of teak seedlings. One-month-old seedlings of clones 8301, 7544, and 7552 from a Myanmar provenance propagated by tissue culture techniques were inoculated with Glomus versiforme and cultivated for 6 months. The foliar surface of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal treated plants was sprayed with PBZ at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg l−1 once a week for 3 weeks prior to exposure to low temperatures of 6, 3, and 0°C for 12 h in an artificial climate chamber, followed by 12 h of recovery at 20°C room temperature. AMF colonization significantly promoted height and RCD growth and dry biomass accumulation of shoot and root. Under low-temperature stress, AM symbiosis increased leaf chlorophyll content by 22.8%, soluble protein content by 19.6%, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 10.6%, and peroxidase (POX) activity by 9.5%, whereas malondialdehyde content was decreased by 14.1%. Both AMF colonization and the foliar spray PBZ at 50 and 100 mg l−1 were capable of alleviating the damage caused by low-temperature stress on teak seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic pigments, accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and POX) activity, and by decreasing membrane lipid peroxidation. AMF colonization and foliar spraying of PBZ at 50 mg l−1 produced a positive interaction and appears to be a good way to enhance chilling tolerance of teak seedlings experiencing stress at 6, 3 and 0°C for 12 h.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel Latef AAH, He CX (2011) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzymes activity and fruit yield of tomato grown under salinity stress. Sci Hortic 127:228–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baninasab B (2009) Amelioration of chilling stress by paclobutrazol in watermelon seedlings. Sci Hortic 121:144–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berova M, Zlatev Z, Stoeva N (2002) Effect of paclobutrazol on wheat seedlings under low temperature stress. Bulg J Plant Physiol 28(1–2):75–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 7:248–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruinsma J (1963) The quantitative analysis of chlorophylls a and b in plant extracts. Photochem Photobiol 2:241–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brundrett M, Biygger N, Dell B, Grove T, Malajczuk N (1996) Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR Monogr 32:373

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance B, Maehly SK (1955) Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 2:764–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charest C, Dalpé Y, Brown A (1993) The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and chilling on two hybrids of Zea mays L. Mycorrhiza 4:89–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Thorpe TA (1981) Leaf senescence: correlated with increase levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp Bot 32:93–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durga VVK, Gupta S (1995) Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and mineral nutrition of teak (Tectona grandis L.). Indian For 121(6):518–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher RA, Gilley A, Sankhla N, Davis TD (2000) Triazoles as plant growth regulators and stress protectants. Hortic Rev 24:55–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher RA, Kallidumbil V, Steele P (1982) An improved bioassay for cytokinins using cucumber cotyledons. Plant Physiol 69:675–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK (1977) Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plant. Plant Physiol 59:309–314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong MQ, Wang FZ, Chen Y, Chen YL (2000) Mycorrhizal dependency and inoculant effects on the growth of Betula alnoides seedlings. For Res 13(1):8–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong MQ, Wang FZ, Chen Y, Liang KN (2002) Research on mycorrhiza of Tectona grandis and its effect on seedling growth. For Res 15(5):515–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Grace C, Stribley DP (1991) A safer procedure for routine staining of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycol Res 95:1160–1162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurumurthy SB, Sreenivasa MN (1998) Screening and selection of VA mycorrhizal fungus for teak (Tectona grandis L.). J Agric Sci 11(4):956–960

    Google Scholar 

  • Guy CL (1990) Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41:187–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huner NP, Oquist G, Sarhan F (1998) Energy balance and acclimation to light and cold. Trends Plant Sci 3:224–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe IT (2002) Principal component analysis, 2nd ed. springer series in statistics. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouve L, Engelmann F, Noirot M, Charrier A (1993) Evaluation of biochemical markers (sugar, proline, malondialdehyde and ethylene) for cold sensitivity in microcuttings of two coffee species. Plant Sci 91:109–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaosa-ard A (1981) Teak: its natural distribution and related factors. Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc 29:55–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Korkmaz A, Dufault RJ (2001) Developmental consequences of cold temperature stress at transplanting on seedling and field growth and yield. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:404–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuang BC, Zheng SZ (1991) Genetic improvement of teak (Tectona grandis) in China. For Res 2(4):139–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuehl RO (2000) Design of experiment: statistical principles of research design and analysis, 2nd edn. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee EH, Byun JK, Wilding SJ, Steffens GL (1985) Paclobutrazol-induced sulphur dioxide, chilling and high temperature tolerance in snap bean plants. Proc Plant Growth Regul Soc Am 78:12

    Google Scholar 

  • Li GB, Zhang Y, Guo SQ, Zhong CL (2006) AM fungal screening and inoculate effectiveness for Michelia macclurei and Machilus pauhoi. Guangdong For Sci Technol 22(3):13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YX, Liang KN, Ma HM, Zhou ZZ, Liu Y, Mo HH (2010) Chilling damage investigation on teak and its protective measures. Pract For Technol 3:27–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin KH, Pai FH, Hwang SY, Lo HF (2006) Pre-treating paclobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweet potato. Plant Growth Regul 49:249–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mckersie BD, Chen Y, Debeus M, Bowley SR, Bowler C, Inze D, D’Halluin K, Botterman K (1993) Superoxide dismutase enhances tolerance to freezing stress in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Physiol 103:1155–1163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan Kumar V, Mahadevan A (1987) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal association in plants of Kalakad Reserve Forests, India. Angew Bot 61:255–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanan C, Sheeba KK (2005) Productivity of teak stands in Kerala: role of arbuscular mycorrhizal association and diversity of AM fungi. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Quality Timber Product of Teak from Sustainable Forest Management, Peechi, India, 2–5 December 2003, pp. 472–484

  • Paradis R, Dalpé Y, Charest C (1995) The combined effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and short-term cold exposure on wheat. New Phytol 129:637–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinhero R, Fletcher R (1994) Paclobutrazol and ancymidol protect corn seedlings from high and low temperature stresses. Plant Growth Regul 15:47–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinyopusarerk K (1979) Temperature and light control of growth of teak (Tectona grandis). In: Master of Science thesis. Proceedings of International Seminar, Australian National University, Canberra pp 51–68

  • Rahman MSB, Khan M, Mridha MAU, Hossain MK (2000) Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in teak (Tectona grandis L.) seedlings grown from pre-sowing treated seeds. Chittagong Univ J Sci 24(2):33–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajan SK, Reddy BJD, Bagyaraj DJ (2000) Screening of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for their symbiotic efficiency with Tectona grandis. For Ecol Manage 126(2):91–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raman N, Nagarajan N, Sambanandan K, Gopinathan S (1977) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal association with teak plantations in Yarcaud Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. In: Chand Basha, Mohanan C, Sankar S (eds) Teak. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, pp 245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP (1996) Ultraviolet-B- and zone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Avabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 110:125–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saleh AAH (2007) Amelioration of chilling injuries in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) seedlings by paclobutrazol, abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Am J Plant Physiol 2(6):318–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SE, Read D (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian K, Mandal AK, Rambabu N, Mammen Chundamanni, Nagarajan B (2000) Site, technology and productivity of teak plantations in India. In: FORSPA Publ No. 24/2000, Teak Publ. No. 3

  • Verma RK, Jamaluddin (1995) Association and activity of arbuscular mycorrhizae of teak (Tectona grandis L.) in Central India. Indian For 121(6):533–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang CY (1985) Modification of chilling susceptibility in seedlings of cucumber and zucchini squash by the bioregulator paclobutrazol (PP333). Sci Hortic 26:293–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White KJ (1991) Teak: some aspects of research and development. RAPA Publ. 1991/17. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

  • Wise RR (1995) Chilling-enhanced photooxidation: the production, action and study of reactive oxygen species produced during chilling in the light. Photosynth Res 45:79–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise RR, Naylor AW (1987) The peroxidative destruction of lipids during chilling injury to photosynthesis and ultrastructure. Plant Physiol 83:272–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang GM, Wang LM, Wang LZ, Song LQ, Zhang YH, Xu LM (2000) The effect of low temperature on chlorophyll content and growth of maize at seedling stage. Heilongjiang Agric Sci 1:10–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhong CL, Chen Y, Chen Z, Jiang QB (2010) Improving drought tolerance of Casuarina equistifolia seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhizas under glasshouse conditions. New For 40:261–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu XC, Song FB, Xu HW (2010) Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves low temperature stress in maize via alterations in host water status and photosynthesis. Plant Soil 331(1–2):129–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the research project on teak cultivation techniques (2012BAD21B01) and National Natural Science Foundation Project of China (30471382). The isolate of G. versiforme Gv9004 was kindly provided by the Mycorrhizae Research Group, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, 510520, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Zaizhi Zhou, Huaming Ma, Kunnan Liang, Guihua Huang & Khongsak Pinyopusarerk

  2. CSIRO Plant Industry, Black Mountain Laboratories - Bldg 602, Clunies Ross St, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Khongsak Pinyopusarerk

Authors
  1. Zaizhi Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huaming Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kunnan Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guihua Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Khongsak Pinyopusarerk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zaizhi Zhou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhou, Z., Ma, H., Liang, K. et al. Improved Tolerance of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings to Low-Temperature Stress by the Combined Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Paclobutrazol. J Plant Growth Regul 31, 427–435 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-011-9252-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-011-9252-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation