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Effect of Bi2O3 particle sizes and addition of starch into Bi2O3–PVA composites for X-ray shielding

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Abstract

The effect of Bi2O3 particle sizes filled PVA composites on X-ray transmission for X-ray shielding purpose had been successfully fabricated and analyzed by using X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) and mammography units with various low X-ray energy ranges. Besides, a preliminary investigation was carried out by using XRF unit to obtain the effect of starch addition into the composite on the X-ray transmissions by both particle sizes of Bi2O3–PVA composites. The results showed that the ability of the composite to attenuate the initial X-ray beam was augmented with the increased Bi2O3 weight percentage (wt%). The density of both particle sizes of Bi2O3–PVA composites was compared with the addition of 1 and 3 wt% starch, while a fluctuation of density occurred for the composites without starch. Moreover, the nano-sized Bi2O3–PVA composite without starch did not exemplify better X-ray attenuation capability compared to its micro-sized counterpart even though their density was higher than the micro-sized Bi2O3–PVA composite. However, the nano-sized Bi2O3–PVA composite with starch offered better particle size effect for X-ray shielding ability than its micro-sized counterpart compared to the Bi2O3–PVA composites without starch.

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Acknowledgments

The collection of X-ray transmission data for mammography unit was done at Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. We also thank Mr Mohd Anas Ahmad from Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory (N.O.R), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11900, Malaysia, for assistance with SEM images. This work was funded under Short-Term Research Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia (304/PFIZIK/6313249).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Penang, Malaysia

    Nurul Z. Noor Azman, Nur F. L. Musa, Nik N. A. Nik Ab Razak, Ramzun M. Ramli, Iskandar S. Mustafa & Azhar Abdul Rahman

  2. School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Penang, Malaysia

    Nor Z. Yahaya

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  1. Nurul Z. Noor Azman
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  2. Nur F. L. Musa
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Correspondence to Nurul Z. Noor Azman.

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Noor Azman, N.Z., Musa, N.F.L., Nik Ab Razak, N.N.A. et al. Effect of Bi2O3 particle sizes and addition of starch into Bi2O3–PVA composites for X-ray shielding. Appl. Phys. A 122, 818 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0329-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0329-8

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