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Role of HXXXD-motif/BAHD acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids

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Abstract

Terrestrial plants have evolved specific adaptations to preserve water and protect themselves from their environment. Such adaptations range from secondary metabolites and specialized structures that conduct water and nutrients, to cell wall modifications (i.e., cuticle and suberin) that prevent dehydration and provide a physical barrier to pathogens. Both the plant cuticle and suberized cell walls contain a lipid polymer framework embedded with waxes, and constitute a promising target for controlled genetic modification to improve desirable agronomic traits. Recent advances in genomic and molecular techniques coupled with the development of robust analytical methods have accelerated progress in comprehending these intractable lipid polymers. Gene products characterized in the wax, cutin and suberin pathways include a subset of HXXXD/BAHD family enzymes that catalyze acyl transfer reactions between CoA-activated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and hydroxylated aliphatics. This review highlights our current understanding of HXXXD/BAHD acyltransferases in extracellular lipid biosynthesis and discusses the chemical, ultrastructural and physiological ramifications of impairing the expression of BAHD acyltransferase-encoding genes related to cutin and suberin synthesis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Professor John Ohlrogge (Michigan State University) for general support, and Adam Rice for producing the photograph shown in Fig. 2d. This work was funded by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (I. M.), and the National Science Foundation of the United States (grant no. MCB–0615563) and the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (under Department of Energy contract no. DE–AC02–05CH11231) (D.K.K.).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Dylan Kosma

    Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA

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  1. Department of Biology, Essar Convergence Centre, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada

    Isabel Molina

  2. Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Dylan Kosma

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Correspondence to Isabel Molina.

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Communicated by Neal Stewart.

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Molina, I., Kosma, D. Role of HXXXD-motif/BAHD acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids. Plant Cell Rep 34, 587–601 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1721-5

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