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C4 protein of Beet severe curly top virus is a pathomorphogenetic factor in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

The Curtovirus C4 protein is required for symptom development during infection of Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing C4 from either Beet curly top virus or Beet severe curly top virus produced phenotypes that were similar to symptoms seen during infection with wild-type viruses. The pseudosymptoms caused by C4 protein alone were novel to transgenic Arabidopsis and included bumpy trichomes, severe enations, disorientation of vascular bundles and stomata, swelling, callus-like structure formation, and twisted siliques. C4 induced abnormal cell division and altered cell fate in a variety of tissues depending on the C4 expression level. C4 protein expression increased the expression levels of cell-cycle-related genes CYCs, CDKs and PCNA, and suppressed ICK1 and the retinoblastoma-related gene RBR1, resulting in activation of host cell division. These results suggest that the Curtovirus C4 proteins are involved actively in host cell-cycle regulation to recruit host factors for virus replication and symptom development.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the BioGreen 21 program (No.20070401034028) of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea

    Jungan Park, Hyun-Sik Hwang & Sukchan Lee

  2. Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Kenneth J. Buckley

  3. Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan, 617-736, Korea

    Jong-Bum Park & Dong-Giun Kim

  4. Division of Life Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534-729, Korea

    Chung-Kyun Auh

  5. Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Mitchell Memorial Cancer Center, Owensboro, KY, 42303, USA

    Keith R. Davis

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  1. Jungan Park
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  2. Hyun-Sik Hwang
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Correspondence to Sukchan Lee or Keith R. Davis.

Additional information

Communicated by J. R. Liu.

J. Park and H. S. Hwang contributed equally to this work.

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299_2010_923_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 1 Induction of cell cycle related genes expression by BSCTV infection of Arabidopsis. The time-course expression of genes in different organs after BSCTV infection was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The organs of infection origins and inflorescence stems were chosen from virus accumulation data (Fig. 1C). (A) cdc2a, (B) cdc2b, (C) cyc1b, (D) cyc2b, (E) myb and (F) pcna1 (JPEG 125 kb)

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Park, J., Hwang, HS., Buckley, K.J. et al. C4 protein of Beet severe curly top virus is a pathomorphogenetic factor in Arabidopsis . Plant Cell Rep 29, 1377–1389 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0923-8

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