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Efficient plant regeneration protocol through callus for Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. (Asteraceae): effect of explant type, age and plant growth regulators

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

A callus induction and in vitro plantlet regeneration system for the endangered state flower of Uttaranchal (Saussurea obvallata) was optimized by studying the influence of explant type (root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf), age and different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Explants from 10 to 15-day-old seedlings showed maximum callus induction. Callus formation and shoot differentiation was initiated on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in all explant types. The best results were obtained using leaf explants: 100% callusing was achieved in MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA, and 100% differentiation along with a multiplication rate of 12 shoots per explant with a combination of 5.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. However, the results reflected the existence of high inter-explant variability in response to growth regulators. In vitro rooting of shoots was achieved at an efficiency of 100% in one-half strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Application of this protocol has potential for mass multiplication of the target species in a limited time period.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 3a–d

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

CE:

Coteledonary explant

HE:

Hypocotyl explant

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

Kin:

Kinetin

LE:

Leaf explant

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

RE:

Root explant

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Acknowledgements

M. Joshi wishes to thank Drs. R.S. Rawal, S. Airi, and colleagues of the CBD group for their support and help. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The financial assistance of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (SSD/SS/018/2003) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttaranchal, India

    Uppeandra Dhar & Mitali Joshi

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  1. Uppeandra Dhar
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  2. Mitali Joshi
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Correspondence to Uppeandra Dhar.

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Communicated by H. Lörz

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Dhar, U., Joshi, M. Efficient plant regeneration protocol through callus for Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. (Asteraceae): effect of explant type, age and plant growth regulators. Plant Cell Rep 24, 195–200 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0932-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0932-1

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