Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

“Green synthesis” and characterization of a maleated epoxidized natural rubber latex

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this present work was to prepare the epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-g-maleic anhydride (MA) (ENR-g-MA) polymer, from ENR latex using K2S2O8 as an initiator. The chemical structure of the ENR-g-MA was confirmed by FTIR. The evidence for formation of a graft copolymer was found at 1,790 cm−1 owing to the chemical reaction between the ENR and the MA carbon atom. With an increase in the MA content, the particle size and zeta potential of the maleated ENR particle increased due to the change in the chemical composition on the surface of the ENR particles. The swelling ratio decreased with an increase of the MA content due to both the crosslinking and the hydrophilic group from the grafting between the ENR and MA. However, the percentage grafting decreased with an increase of the MA content. This was due to the many side reactions such as chain scission and chain transfer reactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Riyajan S, Intharit I, Tangboriboonrat P (2012) Green preparation and physical properties of maleated sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber. Polym Bull 69:635–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kangwansupamonkon W, Gilbert RG, Kiatkamjornwong S (2005) Macromol Modification of natural rubber by grafting with hydrophilic vinyl monomers. Chem Phys 206:2450–2460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Merabet S, Riahi F, Douibi A (2012) The physical modification of a natural rubber-polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer blend by azobisformamide blowing agent. ISRN Polym Sci pp 1–6

  4. Pukkate N, Kitai T, Yamamoto Y, Kawazura T, Sakdapipanich J, Kawahara S (2007) Nano-matrix structure formed by graft-copolymerization of styrene onto rubber. Eur Polym J 43:3208–3214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Riyajan S, Tanbumrung K, Pinyocheep P (2010) Physical properties of a ‘green’ polymer blend based on PVA starch and ENR. KGK-Kaust Gummi Kunst. 63:371–376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Riyajan S (2009) Activation energy and thermodynamic parameters of cyclization in purified natural rubber latex using a trimethyl silyl triflate. J Elastom Plast 41:133–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nakason C, Kaesaman A, Supasanthitikul P (2012) The grafting of maleic anhydride onto natural Rubber. Polym Test 23:35–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Riyajan S, Intharit I, Tangboriboonrat P (2012) Physical properties of polymer composite: natural rubber glove waste/polystyrene foam waste/cellulose. Ind Crops Prod 36:376–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Olivato JB, Grossmann MVE, Yamashita F, Eiras D, Pessan LA (2012) Citric acid and maleic anhydride as compatibilizers in starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends by one-step reactive extrusion. Carbohydr Polym 87:2614–2618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xu C, Cao X, Jiang X, Zeng X, Yukun C (2013) Preparation, structure and properties of dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/zinc dimethacrylate ternary blend composites containing maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. Polym Test 32:507–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rousseaux DJ, Sclavons M, Godard P, Marchand-Brynaert J (2012) Tuning the functionalization chemistry of polypropylene for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. React Funct Polym 72:17–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen J, Chen JW, Chen HM, Yang JH, Chen C, Wang Y (2013) Effect of compatibilizer and clay on morphology and fracture resistance of immiscible high density polyethylene/polyamide blend. Comp Part B-Eng 54:422–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wong KH, Mohammed DS, Pickering SJ, Brooks R (2012) Effect of coupling agents on reinforcing potential of recycled carbon fibre for polypropylene composite. Compos Sci Technol 72:835–844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fernandes EM, Correlo VM, Mano JF, Reis RL (2013) Novel cork–polymer composites reinforced with short natural coconut fibres: effect of fibre loading and coupling agent addition. Compos Sci Technol 78:56–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wongsorat W, Suppakarn N, Jarukumjorn K (2014) Effects of compatibilizer type and fiber loading on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber/natural rubber composites. J Compos Mater 48:2401–2411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Regenhardt SA, Meyer CI, Garetto TF, Marchi AJ (2012) Selective gas phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride over Ni-supported catalysts: effect of support on the catalytic performance. Appl Catal A 449:81–87

  17. Leong LK, Chin KS, Taufiq-Yap YH (2012) Effect of varying reflux durations on the physico-chemical and catalytic performance of vanadium phosphate catalysts synthesized via vanadyl hydrogen phosphate sesquihydrate. Appl Catal A 415–416:53–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Riyajan S, Chaiponban S, Tanbumrung K (2009) Investigation of the preparation and physical properties of a novel semi-interpenetrating polymer network based on epoxised NR and PVA using maleic acid as the crosslinking agent. Chem Eng J 53:199–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Riyajan S, Sukhlaaied W (2013) Effect of chitosan content on gel content of epoxized natural rubber grafted with chitosan in latex form. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:1041–1047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Riyajan S (2012) Acrylic acid grafting on natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubber sheet by uv-irradiation KGK Kauts Gummi Kunst 65:51–55

  21. Graef SM, Van Zyl AJP, Sanderson RD, Klumperman B, Pasch H (2003) Use of gradient, critical, and two-dimensional chromatography in the analysis of styrene-and methyl methacrylate-grafted epoxidized natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 88:2530–2538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu H, Liu J, Fang L, Wu C (2007) In situ grafting onto silica surface with epoxidized natural rubber via solid state method. J Macromol Sci B Phys 46:693–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wongthong P, Nakason C, Pan Q, Rempel GL, Kiatkamjornwong S (2013) Modification of deproteinized natural rubber via grafting polymerization with maleic anhydride. Eur Polym J 49:4035–4046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Carlson D, Nie L, Narayan R, Dubois P (1999) Maleation of polylactide (PLA) by reactive extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 72:477–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sukhlaaied W, Riyajan S (2014) Green synthesis and physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) maleated in an aqueous solutions. J Polym Envir 22:350–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Riyajan S, Intharit I, Tangboriboonrat P (2013) Physical properties of the maleated sulphur prevulcanized natural rubber latex-g-cellulose fiber. J Polym Mater 30:59–174

    Google Scholar 

  27. Riyajan S, Riyapan D, Tangboriboonrat P (2014) Effect of potassium persulfate, palm fiber length and maleic anhydride on physical properties of low grade natural rubber/cassava starch/palm fiber composite. J Biobased Mater Bio 8:403–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Xia Ooi ZX, Ismail H, Bakar AA (2014) Study on the ageing characteristics of oil palm ash reinforced natural rubber composites by introducing a liquid epoxidized natural rubber coating technique. Polym Test 37:156–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the full support of the this work was support by the higher education research promotion and National Research University project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission (SCI570421S) and Prince of Songkla University for the use of laboratory space and The Thailand Research Fund/Commission on Higher Education for financial support (RSA5780018).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Technology, Natural Product Research Center of Excellence and Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Energy Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Duangporn Riyapan & Sa-Ad Riyajan

  2. Institute of Chemical Organic Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland

    Agnieszka Kowalczyk

Authors
  1. Duangporn Riyapan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sa-Ad Riyajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Agnieszka Kowalczyk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sa-Ad Riyajan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Riyapan, D., Riyajan, SA. & Kowalczyk, A. “Green synthesis” and characterization of a maleated epoxidized natural rubber latex. Polym. Bull. 72, 671–691 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1298-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1298-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation