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Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Abstract

Macrophages, being the cornerstone of the immune system, have adapted the ancient nutrient acquisition mechanism of phagocytosis to engulf various infectious organisms thereby helping to orchestrate an appropriate host response. Phagocytosis refers to the process of internalization and degradation of particulate material, damaged and senescent cells and microorganisms by specialized cells, after which the vesicle containing the ingested particle, the phagosome, matures into acidic phagolysosomes upon fusion with hydrolytic enzyme-containing lysosomes. The destructive power of the macrophage is further exacerbated through the induction of macrophage activation upon a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Despite being the end-point for many phagocytosed microbes, the macrophage can also serve as an intracellular survival niche for a number of intracellular microorganisms. One microbe that is particularly successful at surviving within macrophages is the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can efficiently manipulate the macrophage at several levels, including modulation of the phagocytic pathway as well as interfering with a number of immune activation pathways that normally would lead to eradication of the internalized bacilli. M. tuberculosis excels at circumventing destruction within macrophages, thus establishing itself successfully for prolonged times within the macrophage. In this contribution, we describe a number of general features of macrophages in the context of their function to clear an infection, and highlight the strategies employed by M. tuberculosis to counter macrophage attack. Interestingly, research on the evasion tactics employed by M. tuberculosis within macrophages not only helps to design strategies to curb tuberculosis, but also allows a better understanding of host cell biology.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Rajesh Jayachandran and Liem Nguyen for the critical reading of the manuscript.

Funding

Work in our laboratories is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Gebert Ruff Foundation, the Optimus Foundation, the Canton of Basel (to JP), the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO, through a Long Term Fellowship awarded to SBDG), and DST-SERB (YSS/2015/000471) and DBT (BT/RLF/Re-entry/33/2014) to SBDG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Somdeb BoseDasgupta

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 50-70 Klingelbergstrasse, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Jean Pieters

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  1. Somdeb BoseDasgupta
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  2. Jean Pieters
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Correspondence to Somdeb BoseDasgupta or Jean Pieters.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Professional and Nonprofessional Phagocytes and Diseases - Guest Editor: Toru Miyazaki

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BoseDasgupta, S., Pieters, J. Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Semin Immunopathol 40, 577–591 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0710-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0710-0

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