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Ectoenzymes in leukocyte migration and their therapeutic potential

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Abstract

Inflammation causes or accompanies a huge variety of diseases. Migration of leukocytes from the blood into the tissues, in the tissues, and from the tissues to lymphatic vasculature is crucial in the formation and resolution of inflammatory infiltrates. In addition to classical adhesion and activation molecules, several other molecules are known to contribute to the leukocyte traffic. Several of them belong to ectoenzymes, which are cell surface molecules having catalytically active sites outside the cell. We will review here how several ectoenzymes present on leukocytes or endothelial cell surface function as adhesins and/or modulate the extravasation cascade through their enzymatic activities. Moreover, their therapeutic potential as immune modulators in different experimental inflammation models and in clinical trials will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

a disintegrin and metalloproteinase

ADP:

adenine diphosphate

AMP:

adenine monophosphate

AOC3:

amine oxidase copper-containing 3

ATP:

adenine triphosphate

cADPR:

cyclic ADP ribose

LFA:

lymphocyte function-associated antigen

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

ICAM:

intercellular adhesion molecule

IL:

interleukin

JAM:

junctional adhesion molecule

Mac:

macrophage antigen

MAdCAM:

mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule

MT-1-MMP:

membrane bound matrix metalloproteinase 1

NAAD(P):

nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)

NAD(P):

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

SSAO:

semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-alpha

VAP-1:

vascular adhesion protein-1

VCAM:

vascular cell adhesion molecule

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland

    Marko Salmi & Sirpa Jalkanen

  2. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Marko Salmi

  3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Sirpa Jalkanen

  4. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland

    Marko Salmi & Sirpa Jalkanen

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  1. Marko Salmi
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Correspondence to Sirpa Jalkanen.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on New paradigms in leukocyte trafficking, lessons for therapeutics - Guest Editors: F. W. Luscinskas and B. A. Imhof

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Salmi, M., Jalkanen, S. Ectoenzymes in leukocyte migration and their therapeutic potential. Semin Immunopathol 36, 163–176 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0417-9

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