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The VEGF pathway in lung cancer

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Abstract

Introduction

Lung cancer is a disease whose prognosis has remained poor in the last decades. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways behind this disease have revealed several mediators of important tumor functions. One of these functions is angiogenesis, which is considered essential for tumor growth and propagation, and a key mediator promoting this process is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In lung cancer, VEGF plays a significant role in establishing a vascular supply within the tumor. Thus, a new class of drugs has emerged, targeting its pathway, which has offered substantial, albeit small, improvements in patient prognosis.

Areas covered

The VEGF pathway and its role in a multitude of different human cancers are presented at first. We then proceed by analyzing its importance in lung cancer and exploring the therapeutic benefits achieved by its targeting, which set new goals for the future.

Expert opinion

Today, the VEGF pathway remains an attractive target for anticancer treatment, and the way forward requires detection of predictive markers and efforts for a more complete angiogenic blockade.

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Abbreviations

VEGF:

Vascular and endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

Vascular and endothelial growth factor receptor

MVD:

Mean vascular density

NSCLC:

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma

SCLC:

Small cell lung carcinoma

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

NP1:

Neuropilin-1

HSPG:

Heparin sulfate proteoglycan

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

HIF-1:

Hypoxia-induced factor 1

pVHL:

Von Hippel–Lindau protein

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

TGF-a:

Transforming growth factor a

TGF-b:

Transforming growth factor b

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

Il-6:

Interleukin-6

PFS:

Progression-free survival

RR:

Response rate

OS:

Overall survival

MT-TKI:

Multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor

miRNA:

microRNA

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase 2

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

PGF:

Placental growth factor

PDGFR:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

ICAM-1:

Intracellular adhesion molecule 1

IC50 :

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

SNPs:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Unit GPP, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

    Michalis Alevizakos, Serafim Kaltsas & Konstantinos N. Syrigos

  2. Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Konstantinos N. Syrigos

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  1. Michalis Alevizakos
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  2. Serafim Kaltsas
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  3. Konstantinos N. Syrigos
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Correspondence to Konstantinos N. Syrigos.

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Alevizakos, M., Kaltsas, S. & Syrigos, K.N. The VEGF pathway in lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72, 1169–1181 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-013-2298-3

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