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Transpedicular screwing of the seventh cervical vertebra: anatomical considerations and surgical technique

  • Anatomic Bases of Medical, Radiological and Surgical Techniques
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was first to assess the feasibility of C7 transpedicular screwing with a morphological study and secondly to evaluate the safety of such a surgical technique when guided only by posterior landmarks. Eighteen C7 vertebrae, harvested from fresh human cadavers, were included in this study. First the morphometry of C7 pedicle was performed on computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions. Results of this quantitative anatomy were compared with the literature data. Secondly 30 pedicle screws, whose placement was guided only by anatomical features on the posterior face of the dorsal arch, were inserted in 15 C7 vertebrae. A second computed tomographic examination was done after the surgical procedure to check the screw placement in both planes. The average pedicular width was 6±1.2 mm and the average height was 5.8±1.1 mm. The pedicle angulation in the transverse plane was 33.3°±6.6°, the pedicle angulation in the sagittal plane was 4.3°±4.5° downward with reference to the lower endplate of C7. The average distance from the entry point of transpedicular screwing to the anterior cortex of the vertebral body was 29±3 mm. Concerning the safety of transpedicular screwing, 63% of screws were found entirely inside the pedicle without any violation of the pedicle cortex. Most of pedicle violations were observed in the transverse plane. No grade II violation of the pedicle was observed. Dimensions of the C7 pedicle are amply compatible with transpedicular fixation using 3.5 mm screws. Such a surgical technique seems to be an interesting option when posterior fixation of C7 is required. Nevertheless morphological guidelines appeared not to be sufficient to ensure safe transpedicular screwing. Laminoforaminotomy is strongly recommended, although it has not been evaluated in this study.

Résumé

Le but de ce travail a été d'évaluer la faisabilité du vissage pédiculaire au niveau de la septième vertèbre cervicale (C7). Nous avons tout d'abord étudié la morphologie des pédicules de C7 en tomodensitométrie hélicoïdale sur 18 vertèbres et comparé nos résultats avec les données de la littérature. Trente vissages pédiculaires de C7 ont ensuite été réalisés sur 15 rachis. La mise en place des vis n'a été guidée que par les repères anatomiques au niveau de l'arc dorsal de C7. Une tomodensitométrie de contrôle a permis de vérifier l'emplacement et l'orientation des vis. La largeur des pédicules était en moyenne de 6±1,2 mm et leur hauteur était de 5,8±1,1 mm. L'angulation transversale du pédicule était de 33,3°±6,6° par rapport au plan sagittal médian. L'angulation sagittale était de +4,3°±4,5° par rapport au plateau inférieur de C7. La longueur de la visée pédiculaire était en moyenne de 29±3 mm. 63% des vis ont été entièrement placées dans le pédicule. La majorité des effractions corticales a été observée dans le plan transversal. Aucune effraction corticale de grade II n'a été observée. Cette étude morphologique des pédicules de la septième vertèbre cervicale confirme que les dimensions des pédicules sont compatibles avec le vissage pédiculaire. Cependant, il est apparu que les seules données morphologiques ne sont pas à elles seules suffisantes pour assurer un vissage pédiculaire en toute sécurité. La réalisation d'une lamino-foraminoplastie est vivement conseillée, bien que non évaluée par notre étude.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Scient'x society (Guyancourt, France) for the assistance provided for this study.

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Correspondence to C. Barrey.

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Barrey, C., Cotton, F., Jund, J. et al. Transpedicular screwing of the seventh cervical vertebra: anatomical considerations and surgical technique. Surg Radiol Anat 25, 354–360 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-003-0163-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-003-0163-5

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