Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to elucidate the treatment outcomes of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and survival-associated factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatic vein (HV) and/or inferior vena cava (IVC) invasion.
Methods
The subjects were consecutively enrolled, newly diagnosed HCC patients with HV/IVC invasion who underwent TACE (n = 62) at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from May 2003 to October 2012. Clinical characteristics, treatment responses, overall survival, and survival-related factors were analyzed.
Results
The mean subject age was 56.6 years, 82.3 % were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, and 76.2 % were classified as Child-Pugh class A. The tumor volume was ≥50 % of the liver in 64.5 % of patients, and 79, 41.9, and 9.7 % of patients had accompanying portal vein, IVC, and right atrial invasion, respectively. TACE response rates for primary tumors and tumor thrombi in HV or IVC were 55.6 and 13 %, respectively. Median overall survival was 10.9 months (range 0.1–23.0 months). Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh class A (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.31; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.72; p = 0.007), tumor volume <50 % of liver (HR = 0.31; 95 % CI 0.11–0.83; p = 0.019), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response (HR = 0.28; 95 % CI 0.11–0.69; p = 0.006), and tumor thrombi treatment response (HR = 0.09; 95 % CI 0.01–0.77; p = 0.027) were independent survival-related factors.
Conclusions
TACE seems effective for HCC with HV/IVC invasion, especially in patients with preserved hepatic function, a treatment response for tumor thrombi, and an AFP response.
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Conflict of interest
Seong Min Chung, Chang Jin Yoon, Sang Soo Lee, Sukho Hong, Jung Wha Chung, Sung Wook Yang, Nak Jong Seong, Eun Sun Jang, Jin-Wook Kim, and Sook-Hyang Jeong have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Seong Min Chung and Chang Jin Yoon contributed equally to this study.
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Chung, S.M., Yoon, C.J., Lee, S.S. et al. Treatment Outcomes of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma that Invades Hepatic Vein or Inferior Vena Cava. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 37, 1507–1515 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-014-0841-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-014-0841-1