Abstract
Background
Breast region measurements are important for research, but they may also become significant in the legal field as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Direct anthropometric measurements can be taken in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare direct breast anthropometric measurements taken with a tape measure and a compass.
Methods
Forty women, aged 18–60 years, were evaluated. They had 14 anatomical landmarks marked on the breast region and arms. The union of these points formed eight linear segments and one angle for each side of the body. The volunteers were evaluated by direct anthropometry in a standardized way, using a tape measure and a compass.
Results
Differences were found between the tape measure and the compass measurements for all segments analyzed (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Measurements obtained by tape measure and compass are not identical. Therefore, once the measurement tool is chosen, it should be used for the pre- and postoperative measurements in a standardized way.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nechala P, Mahoney J, Farkas L (1999) Digital two-dimensional photogrammetry: a comparision of the three techniques of obtaining digital photographs. Plast Reconstr Surg 103(7):1819–1825
Hochman B, Castilho HT, Ferreira LM (2002) Padronização fotográfica e morfométrica na fotogrametria computadorizada do nariz. Acta Cir Bras 17(4):258–266
Ward CM (1979) An analysis, from photographs, of the results of four approaches to elongating the columella after repair of bilateral cleft lip. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(1):68–75
Westreich M (1999) Anthropomorphic breast measurement: protocol and results in 50 women with aesthetically perfect breast and clinical application. Cosmetic 100(2):468–479
Penn J (1995) Breast reduction. Br J Plast Surg 7:357–371
Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Surgical treatment of congenital breast asymmetry. Ann Plast Surg 17(2):92–101
Brown TP, Ringrose RE, Hyland AA, Brotherston TM (1999) A method of assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application. Br J Plast Surg 52:355–359
Odo LM (2009) Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da assimetria mamária por meio de medidas lineares. Arq Catarin Med 38(Suppl 1):43–45
Roebuck JA Jr, Kroemer KH, Thomson WG (1975) Engineering anthropometry methods, 1st edn. Wiley, New York
Smith DJ, Palin WE, Katch U, Bennett JE (1986) Breast volume and anthropomorphic measurements: normal values. Plast Reconstr Surg 78(3):331–335
Malata CM, Boot JC, Bradbury ET, Ramli AR, Sharpe DT (1994) Congenital breast asymmetry: subjective and objective assessment. Br J Plast Surg 47(2):95–102
Kouchi M, Mochimaru M, Tsuzuki K, Yokoi T (1996) Random errors in anthropometry. J Hum Ergol 25(2):155–166
Loughry CW, Sheffer DB, Price TE, Einsporn RL, Bartfai RG, Morek WM, Meli NM (1989) Breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis. Ann Plast Surg 22(5):380–385
Qiao Q, Zhou G, Ling Y (1997) Breast volume measurement in young Chinese women and clinical applications. Aesthetic Plast Surg 21(5):362–368
Sigurdson LJ, Kirkland SA (2006) Breast volume determination in breast hypertrophy: an accurate method using two anthropomorphic measurements. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(2):313–320
Denoel C, Aguirre MF, Bianco G, Mahaudens PH, Vanwijck R, Garson S, Sinna R, Debrun A (2009) Idiopathic scoliosis and breast asymmetry. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1303–1308
Pozzobon AV, Sabino Neto M, Veiga DF, Abla LE, Pereira JB, Biase TL, Ferreira LM et al (2009) Magnetic resonance images and linear measurements in the surgical treatment of breast asymmetry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 33(2):196–203
Vandeput JJ, Nelissen M (2002) Considerations on anthropometric measurements of the female breast. Aesthetic Plast Surg 26(5):348–355
Kim MS, Reece GP, Beahm EK, Miller MJ, Atkinson EN, Markey MK (2007) Objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: measuring ptosis from clinical photographs. Comput Biol Med 37(1):49–59
Agbenorku P, Agbenorku M, Iddi A, Amevor E, Sefenu R, Osei D (2011) Measurements of breasts of young West African females: a guideline in anatomical landmarks for adolescent breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35(1):49–54
Liu YJ, Thomson JG (2011) Ideal anthropomorphic values of the female breast. Ann Plast Surg 67(1):9–11
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Funding
There was no funding received for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Study conducted at the Graduate Program in Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Quieregatto, P.R., Hochman, B., Ferrara, S.F. et al. Anthropometry of the Breast Region: How to Measure?. Aesth Plast Surg 38, 344–349 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-014-0291-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-014-0291-9