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The pace-of-life syndrome revisited: the role of ecological conditions and natural history on the slow-fast continuum

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Abstract

The pace-of-life syndrome (i.e., POLS) hypothesis posits that behavioral and physiological traits mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction. This hypothesis predicts that life history, behavioral, and physiological traits will covary under clearly defined conditions. Empirical tests are equivocal and suggest that the conditions necessary for the POLS to emerge are not always met. We nuance and expand the POLS hypothesis to consider alternative relationships among behavior, physiology, and life history. These relationships will vary with the nature of predation risk, the challenges posed by resource acquisition, and the energy management strategies of organisms. We also discuss how the plastic response of behavior, physiology, and life history to changes in ecological conditions and variation in resource acquisition among individuals determine our ability to detect a fast-slow pace of life in the first place or associations among these traits. Future empirical studies will provide most insights on the coevolution among behavior, physiology, and life history by investigating these traits both at the genetic and phenotypic levels in varying types of predation regimes and levels of resource abundance.

Significance statement

We revisit the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis, suggesting that behaviors involving a risk of death or injury should coevolve with higher metabolic rates, higher fecundity, faster growth, and heightened mortality rates. Empirical support for this hypothesis is mixed. We show how relaxing some of the assumptions underlying the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis allows us to consider alternative relationships among behavior, physiology, and life history, and why we fail to meet the predictions posed by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis in some populations. Our discussion emphasizes the need to re-integrate the role of the species’ natural history, ecological conditions, and phenotypic plasticity in shaping relationships among behavior, physiology, and life history.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all the participants of the two workshops Towards a general theory of the pace-of-life syndrome, held in Hannover in 2015 and 2016, for inspiring discussions as well as the Volkswagen Stiftung (Az. 89905) for generously funding these workshops. We thank Jonathan Wright and coauthors for providing us an unpublished manuscript. Members of DR’s laboratory provided constructive comments during the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the initial version of this manuscript.

Funding

POM was supported by post-doctoral fellowships from the Fonds de Recherche Québec: Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). GDM was supported by a FRQNT and a NSERC doctoral fellowship. MD was supported by a DFG research fellowship (DA 1377/2-1) and DFG return fellowship (DA 1377/2-2). This research was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant to DR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Pierre-Olivier Montiglio, Melanie Dammhahn, Gabrielle Dubuc Messier & Denis Réale

  2. Department of Biology & Redpath Museum, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Pierre-Olivier Montiglio

  3. Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany

    Melanie Dammhahn

  4. Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), CNRS-UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Gabrielle Dubuc Messier

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  1. Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
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  2. Melanie Dammhahn
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  3. Gabrielle Dubuc Messier
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  4. Denis Réale
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Correspondence to Pierre-Olivier Montiglio.

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Communicated by P. T. Niemelä

This article is a contribution to the Topical Collection Pace-of-life syndrome: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life-history - Guest Editors: Melanie Dammhahn, Niels J. Dingemanse, Petri T. Niemelä, Denis Réale

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Montiglio, PO., Dammhahn, M., Dubuc Messier, G. et al. The pace-of-life syndrome revisited: the role of ecological conditions and natural history on the slow-fast continuum. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 72, 116 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-018-2526-2

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