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Inhibition of biofilm formation on iodine-supported titanium implants

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Abstract

Purpose

We have developed iodine-supported titanium implants that suppress microbial activities and conducted in vivo and in vitro studies to determine their antimicrobial properties.

Methods

The implants were Ti-6Al-4 V titanium implants either untreated (Ti), treated with oxide film on the Ti surface by anodization (Ti-O), or treated with an iodine coating on oxidation film (Ti-I). The strain of bacteria used in this study was Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923. We analyzed the antibacterial attachment effects in vivo by using rats. The attachment bacteria on the implant surface were evaluated using a spread-plate method assay. A biofilm study was performed in vitro. The biofilm formed after bacterial attachment was qualitatively studied with fluorescence microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the formed biofilm was quantitatively studied with a spread-plate method assay.

Results

In vivo analysis of antimicrobial attachment effects showed that the mean viable bacterial number was significantly lower on Ti-I than Ti or Ti-O surfaces. In the in vitro biofilm study, FM and SEM images showed thick and mature biofilm formation on Ti and Ti-O and thin, small biofilm formation on Ti-I. A quantitative biofilm analysis found a significant difference in the number of viable bacteria between Ti-I and Ti or Ti-O.

Conclusions

This study showed that iodine-supported implants have a good antibacterial attachment effect and inhibit biofilm formation and growth. Iodine-supported implants may have great potential as innovative antibacterial implants that can prevent implant related infection in orthopaedic surgery.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Mr. Tohru Shimizu, who was a Professor of Bacteriology at Kanazawa University, for considerable advice on experimental design and his skillful microbiological techniques. He suddenly died of illness during this research period and we express heartfelt condolences for his family.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan

    Daisuke Inoue, Tamon Kabata, Yoshitomo Kajino & Hiroyuki Tsuchiya

  2. Depertment of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Kaori Ohtani

  3. Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Toshiharu Shirai

Authors
  1. Daisuke Inoue
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  2. Tamon Kabata
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  3. Kaori Ohtani
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  4. Yoshitomo Kajino
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  5. Toshiharu Shirai
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  6. Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroyuki Tsuchiya.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

There is no funding source.

Ethical approval

This study was performed with the approval of the animal ethics committee at our institution (Approval date: 3 September 2013; Approval number: 132,928).

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Inoue, D., Kabata, T., Ohtani, K. et al. Inhibition of biofilm formation on iodine-supported titanium implants. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 41, 1093–1099 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3477-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3477-3

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