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Assessment of immune status of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma can predict prognosis and guide treatment

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Abstract

Background

In the past few years, immunotherapy has changed the way we treat solid tumors. People pay more and more attention to the immune microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, our immunotherapy research took advantage of the clinical database and focused our in-depth analysis on the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods

This study evaluated the relationship between the clinical outcome and the local tissue and overall immune status in 412 patients with primary LSCC. We constructed and validated a risk model that could predict prognosis, assess immune status, identify high-risk patients, and develop personalized treatment plans through bioinformatics. In addition, through immunohistochemical analysis, we verified the differential expression of CTSL and KDM5D genes with the largest weight coefficients in the model in LSCC tissues and their influence on the prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Results

We found that interstitial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor parenchymal-infiltrating lymphocyte volume, tumor infiltrates lymphocytes of frontier invasion, and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with LSCC. A novel risk model can guide clinicians to accurately predict prognosis, identify high-risk patients, and formulate personalized treatment plans. The differential expression of genes such as CTSL and KDM5D has a significant correlation with the TILs of LSCC and the prognosis of patients.

Conclusion

Local and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma are reliable prognostic factors. The risk model and CTSL, KDM5D gene have important potential research value.

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Data availability

All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

BP:

Biological processes

CC:

Cellular component

CCLE:

Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia

CIBERSORT:

Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts

CTSL:

Cathepsin L

DCA:

Decision curve analysis

ESTIMATE:

Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data

FDR:

False discovery rate

GO:

Gene ontology

H&E staining:

Hematoxylin–eosin staining

HRs:

Hazard ratios

ICIs:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

ICGC:

International Cancer Genome Consortium

iTILs:

Interstitial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

KDM5D:

Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5D

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

LSCC:

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

MCP-counter:

Microenvironment cell population count

ME:

Module eigengene

MF:

Molecular function

OS:

Overall survival

PLR:

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio

ROC:

Receiver operating character curve

RFS:

Recurrence-free survival

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

TILs:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

TILv:

Tumor parenchymal-infiltrating lymphocyte volume

TILf:

Tumor infiltrates lymphocytes of frontier invasion

TCGA:

The Cancer Genome Atlas

TMB:

Tumor mutation burden

WGCNA:

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis

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Acknowledgement

We would like to show sincere appreciation to the editors and reviewers for critical comments on this article.

Funding

This work was supported by Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Q18088).

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Author notes

  1. Xueying Wang, Kui Cao and Erliang Guo have contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China

    Xueying Wang, Xionghui Mao, Lunhua Guo, Cong Zhang, Xianguang Yang, Ji Sun & Susheng Miao

  2. Department of Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China

    Kui Cao

  3. Department of Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China

    Erliang Guo

  4. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese National Cancer Center &, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China

    Changming An

  5. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China

    Junnan Guo

  6. Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China

    Weiwei Yang

  7. Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China

    Xiaomei Li

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  1. Xueying Wang
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Contributions

XW, KC, and EG conceptualized the project and all data analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. XM, CA, LG, CZ, JG, XY, JS, and WY contributed to the collection of specimens, the processing, analysis, and interpretation of data. XL and SM contributed to guide the data analysis, and manuscript writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiaomei Li or Susheng Miao.

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Wang, X., Cao, K., Guo, E. et al. Assessment of immune status of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma can predict prognosis and guide treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 71, 1199–1220 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-021-03071-7

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