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Mechanisms overseeing myeloid-derived suppressor cell production in neoplastic disease

  • Focussed Research Review
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Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Perturbations in myeloid cell differentiation are common in neoplasia, culminating in immature populations known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs favor tumor progression due to their ability to suppress host immunity or promote invasion and metastasis. They are thought to originate from the bone marrow as a result of exposure to stromal- or circulating tumor-derived factors (TDFs). Although great interest has been placed on understanding how MDSCs function, less is known regarding how MDSCs develop at a transcriptional level. Our work explores the premise that MDSCs arise because cancer cells, through the production of certain TDFs, inhibit the expression of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) that is ordinarily essential for controlling fundamental properties of myeloid cell differentiation. Our interest in IRF8 has been based on the following rationale. First, it is well-recognized that IRF8 is a ‘master regulator’ of normal myelopoiesis, critical not only for producing monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils, but also for controlling the balance of all three major myeloid cell types. This became quite evident in IRF8−/− mice, whereby the loss of IRF8 leads to a disproportionate accumulation of neutrophils at the expense of monocytes and DCs. Second, we showed that such myeloid populations from IRF8−/− mice exhibit similar characteristics to MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice. Third, in a reciprocal fashion, we showed that enforced expression of IRF8 in the myeloid system significantly mitigates tumor-induced MDSC accumulation and improves immunotherapy efficacy. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that IRF8 is an integral negative regulator of MDSC biology.

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Abbreviations

ATRA:

All-trans-retinoic acid

C/EBP:

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein

GMP:

Granulocyte–monocyte progenitor

IRF8:

Interferon regulatory factor-8

NTB:

Non-tumor-bearing

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ

RORC1:

Retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor C1

TDF:

Tumor-derived factor

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully thank all the current and past members of the Abrams Lab for their outstanding support and contributions to this work. This work was supported by R01CA140622 and R01CA172105 from the National Cancer Institute/NIH (to Scott Abrams) and NIH training grant T32CA085183 (to Colleen Netherby).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA

    Colleen S. Netherby & Scott I. Abrams

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  1. Colleen S. Netherby
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  2. Scott I. Abrams
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Correspondence to Scott I. Abrams.

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All authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Additional information

This paper is a Focussed Research Review based on a presentation given at the conference Regulatory Myeloid Suppressor Cells: From Basic Discovery to Therapeutic Application which was hosted by the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, PA, USA, 16th–19th June, 2016. It is part of a Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy series of Focussed Research Reviews.

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Netherby, C.S., Abrams, S.I. Mechanisms overseeing myeloid-derived suppressor cell production in neoplastic disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 66, 989–996 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-017-1963-5

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