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ImmunoPET imaging of CD38 in murine lymphoma models using 89Zr-labeled daratumumab

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Abstract

Purpose

CD38 is considered a potential biomarker for multiple myeloma (MM) and has shown a strong link with chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to high and uniform expression on plasma cells. In vivo evaluation of CD38 expression may provide useful information about lesion detection and prognosis of treatment in MM. In this study, immunoPET imaging with 89Zr-labeled daratumumab was used for differentiation of CD38 expression in murine lymphoma models to provide a potential non-invasive method for monitoring CD38 in the clinic.

Methods

Daratumumab was radiolabeled with 89Zr (t1/2 = 78.4 h) via conjugation with desferrioxamine (Df). After Western blot (WB) was used to screen CD38 expression in five lymphoma cell lines, flow cytometry and cellular binding assays were performed to test the binding ability of labeled or conjugated daratumumab with CD38 in vitro. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed to evaluate CD38 expression after injection of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab. 89Zr-Df-IgG was also evaluated as a non-specific control group in the Ramos model. Finally, CD38 expression in tumor tissues was verified by histological analysis.

Results

Using WB screening, the Ramos cell line was found to express the highest level of CD38 while the HBL-1 cell line had the lowest expression. Df-conjugated and 89Zr-labeled daratumumab displayed similar high binding affinities with Ramos cells. PET imaging of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab showed a high tumor uptake of up to 26.6 ± 8.0 %ID/g for Ramos at 120 h post-injection, and only up to 6.6 ± 2.9 %ID/g for HBL-1 (n = 4). Additionally, 89Zr-Df-IgG demonstrated a low tumor uptake in the Ramos model (only 4.3 ± 0.8 %ID/g at 120 h post-injection). Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed similar trends with imaging results. Immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues verified higher CD38 expression of Ramos than that of HBL-1.

Conclusions

The role of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab was investigated for evaluating CD38 expression in lymphoma models non-invasively and was found to be to a promising imaging agent of CD38-positive hematological diseases such as MM in future clinical applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the University of Wisconsin - Madison, the National Institutes of Health (NIBIB/NCI 1R01CA169365, 1R01EB021336, P30CA014520, T32CA009206), the American Cancer Society (125246-RSG-13-099-01-CCE), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672602, 81472589, 31771036, 51703132, 51573096), the Beijing Nova Program (Z141102001814055, Z171100001117024), the Beijing Capital Special Development Application Program (Z141107002514159), PKU medicine-engineer collaborative seed program (BMU20160574), Logistics Scientific Research Project (BWS16J010) and the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170412111100742, JCYJ20160422091238319)

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Author notes

  1. Lei Kang and Dawei Jiang contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China

    Lei Kang & Rongfu Wang

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Lei Kang, Dawei Jiang, Bo Yu & Weibo Cai

  3. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Dawei Jiang & Peng Huang

  4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Christopher G. England, Todd E. Barnhart, Jonathan W. Engle & Weibo Cai

  5. School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Zachary T. Rosenkrans & Weibo Cai

  6. Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China

    Xiaojie Xu

  7. University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Weibo Cai

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  1. Lei Kang
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Correspondence to Xiaojie Xu or Peng Huang.

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Kang, L., Jiang, D., England, C.G. et al. ImmunoPET imaging of CD38 in murine lymphoma models using 89Zr-labeled daratumumab. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 45, 1372–1381 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-3941-3

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