Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Therapy assessment of bone metastatic disease in the era of 223radium

  • Review Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Defining an optimal imaging modality for assessment of therapy and the best time of evaluation are pivotal for ideal patient’s management.

Methods

223Ra (Xofigo®, formerly Alpharadin) has been approved by the FDA and European Medicines Agency for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with painful osseous involvement.

Results

PET/CT imaging using various radiotracers such as 18F–FDG, 18F–FCH, 68Ga-PSMA and 18F–NaF have been investigated to mitigate the limitations of conventional imaging modalities. Diagnostic radiotracers that have properties similar to a therapeutic radiotracer will precisely assess of the possibility and efficacy of a treatment; this is the theranostic concept. An example of a diagnostic test employed for selecting targeted therapy is the combined use of 18F–fluoride PET/CT for evaluation of possible therapy with 223Ra.

Conclusion

This review examines the most recent publications related to this topic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Center MM, Jemal A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Ward E, Ferlay J, Brawley O, et al. International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur Urol. 2012;61:1079–92. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.054.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McMurtry CT, McMurtry JM. Metastatic prostate cancer: complications and treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:1136–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Yu KK, Hawkins RA. The prostate: diagnostic evaluation of metastatic disease. Radiol Clin N Am. 2000;38:139–57. ix

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cabrera ME, Rey PM, Carrio I, Montes A, Lopez DA. Response to 223Ra-dichloride in castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis: a case report. Oncol Lett. 2016;12:1323–8. doi:10.3892/ol.2016.4762.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Vali R, Loidl W, Pirich C, Langesteger W, Beheshti M. Imaging of prostate cancer with PET/CT using (18)F-Fluorocholine. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;5:96–108.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Damle NA, Bal C, Bandopadhyaya GP, Kumar L, Kumar P, Malhotra A, et al. The role of 18F-fluoride PET-CT in the detection of bone metastases in patients with breast, lung and prostate carcinoma: a comparison with FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan. Jpn J Radiol. 2013;31:262–9. doi:10.1007/s11604-013-0179-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): NCCN Guidelines for Supportive Care: Adult cancer pain. Version 2.2013.

  8. Hamdy NA, Papapoulos SE. The palliative management of skeletal metastases in prostate cancer: use of bone-seeking radionuclides and bisphosphonates. Semin Nucl Med. 2001;31:62–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Apolo AB, Lindenberg L, Shih JH, Mena E, Kim JW, Park JC, et al. Prospective study evaluating Na18F PET/CT in predicting clinical outcomes and survival in advanced prostate cancer. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2016;57:886–92. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.166512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pandit-Taskar N, Larson SM, Carrasquillo JA. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals for treatment of osseous metastases, part 1: alpha therapy with 223Ra-dichloride. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:268–74. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.112482.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O’Sullivan JM, Fossa SD, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213–23. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1213755.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kairemo K, Joensuu T, Rasulova N, Kiljunen T, Kangasmaki A. Evaluation of alpha-therapy with radium-223-dichloride in castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer-the role of gamma Scintigraphy in Dosimetry and pharmacokinetics. Diagnostics. 2015;5:358–68. doi:10.3390/diagnostics5030358.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Harrison MR, Wong TZ, Armstrong AJ, George DJ. Radium-223 chloride: a potential new treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Cancer Manag Res. 2013;5:1–14. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S25537.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Kairemo K, Joensuu T. Radium-223-dichloride in castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer-preliminary results of the response evaluation using F-18-fluoride PET/CT. Diagnostics. 2015;5:413–27. doi:10.3390/diagnostics5040413.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Love C, Din AS, Tomas MB, Kalapparambath TP, Palestro CJ. Radionuclide bone imaging: an illustrative review. Radiogr: Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am, Inc. 2003;23:341–58. doi:10.1148/rg.232025103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pyka T, Okamoto S, Dahlbender M, Tauber R, Retz M, Heck M, et al. Comparison of bone scintigraphy and 68Ga-PSMA PET for skeletal staging in prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016; doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3435-0.

  17. Castellucci P, Jadvar H. PET/CT in prostate cancer: non-choline radiopharmaceuticals. Quart J Nucl Med Mol Imaging: Off Publ Ital Assoc Nucl Med. 2012;56:367–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Beauregard JM, Blouin AC, Fradet V, Caron A, Fradet Y, Lemay C, et al. FDG-PET/CT for pre-operative staging and prognostic stratification of patients with high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy. Cancer Imaging: Off Publ Int Cancer Imaging Soc. 2015;15:2. doi:10.1186/s40644-015-0038-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Effert PJ, Bares R, Handt S, Wolff JM, Bull U, Jakse G. Metabolic imaging of untreated prostate cancer by positron emission tomography with 18fluorine-labeled deoxyglucose. J Urol. 1996;155:994–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu IJ, Zafar MB, Lai YH, Segall GM, Terris MK. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies in diagnosis and staging of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer. Urology. 2001;57:108–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Jadvar H, FDG PET in Prostate Cancer. PET Clin. 2009;4:155–61. doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2009.05.002.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Jadvar H. Prostate cancer: PET with 18F-FDG, 18F- or 11C-acetate, and 18F- or 11C-choline. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:81–9. doi:10.2967/jnumed.110.077941.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Oyama N, Akino H, Suzuki Y, Kanamaru H, Ishida H, Tanase K, et al. FDG PET for evaluating the change of glucose metabolism in prostate cancer after androgen ablation. Nucl Med Commun. 2001;22:963–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Iagaru A, Mosci C, Keu K, Mittra E, Hancock S, Pachynski R, et al. Combined NaF/FDG PET/CT evaluation of prostate cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(supplement 1):1654.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Simoncic U, Perlman S, Liu G, Staab MJ, Straus JE, Jeraj R. Comparison of NaF and FDG PET/CT for assessment of treatment response in castration-resistant prostate cancers with osseous metastases. Clin Genitour Cancer. 2015;13:e7–e17. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2014.07.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tu Z, Mach RH. C-11 radiochemistry in cancer imaging applications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2010;10:1060–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Beheshti M, Vali R, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Nader M, Hammer J, et al. The use of F-18 choline PET in the assessment of bone metastases in prostate cancer: correlation with morphological changes on CT. Mol Imaging Biol: MIB: Off Publ Acad Mol Imaging. 2009;11:446–54. doi:10.1007/s11307-009-0217-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Beheshti M, Imamovic L, Broinger G, Vali R, Waldenberger P, Stoiber F, et al. 18F choline PET/CT in the preoperative staging of prostate cancer in patients with intermediate or high risk of extracapsular disease: a prospective study of 130 patients. Radiology. 2010;254:925–33. doi:10.1148/radiol.09090413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Beheshti M, Vali R, Langsteger W. [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in the assessment of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:1316–1317; author reply 8–9. doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0401-x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Beheshti M, Vali R, Waldenberger P, Fitz F, Nader M, Loidl W, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer by 18F fluorocholine and 18F fluoride PET-CT: a comparative study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:1766–74. doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0788-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Challapalli A, Barwick T, Tomasi G. M OD, contractor K, Stewart S, et al. exploring the potential of [11C]choline-PET/CT as a novel imaging biomarker for predicting early treatment response in prostate cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2014;35:20–9. doi:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Langsteger W, Balogova S, Huchet V, Beheshti M, Paycha F, Egrot C, et al. Fluorocholine (18F) and sodium fluoride (18F) PET/CT in the detection of prostate cancer: prospective comparison of diagnostic performance determined by masked reading. Quart J Nucl Med Mol Imaging: Off Publ Ital Assoc Nucl Med. 2011;55:448–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Miyazaki KS, Kuang Y, Kwee SA. Changes in skeletal tumor activity on (18)F-choline PET/CT in patients receiving (223)radium radionuclide therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;49:160–4. doi:10.1007/s13139-014-0314-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Lee J, Sato MM, Coel MN, Lee KH, Kwee SA. Prediction of PSA progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on treatment-associated change in tumor burden quantified by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2016;57:1058–64. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.169177.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Demirkol MO, Acar O, Ucar B, Ramazanoglu SR, Saglican Y, Esen T. Prostate-specific membrane antigen-based imaging in prostate cancer: impact on clinical decision making process. Prostate. 2015;75:748–57. doi:10.1002/pros.22956.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Mease RC, Foss CA, Pomper MG. PET imaging in prostate cancer: focus on prostate-specific membrane antigen. Curr Top Med Chem. 2013;13:951–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Jadvar H, PSMA PET in Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:1131–2. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.157339.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Schuchardt C, Singh A, Wirtz M, Wiessalla S, et al. 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen Radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety and efficacy. J Nucl Med. 2016;57:1006–13. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.168443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Bouchelouche K, Choyke PL, Capala J. Prostate specific membrane antigen- a target for imaging and therapy with radionuclides. Discov Med. 2010;9:55–61.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Lutje S, Heskamp S, Cornelissen AS, Poeppel TD, van den Broek SA, Rosenbaum-Krumme S, et al. PSMA ligands for radionuclide imaging and therapy of prostate cancer: clinical status. Theranostics. 2015;5:1388–401. doi:10.7150/thno.13348.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Weineisen M, Schottelius M, Simecek J, Baum RP, Yildiz A, Beykan S, et al. 68Ga- and 177Lu-labeled PSMA I&T: optimization of a PSMA-targeted Theranostic concept and first proof-of-concept human studies. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:1169–76. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.158550.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Maurer T, Eiber M, Schwaiger M, Gschwend JE. Current use of PSMA-PET in prostate cancer management. Nat Rev Urol. 2016;13:226–35. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2016.26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Afshar-Oromieh A, Haberkorn U, Eder M, Eisenhut M, Zechmann CM. [68Ga]gallium-labelled PSMA ligand as superior PET tracer for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: comparison with 18F-FECH. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1085–6. doi:10.1007/s00259-012-2069-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Afshar-Oromieh A, Malcher A, Eder M, Eisenhut M, Linhart HG, Hadaschik BA, et al. PET imaging with a [68Ga]gallium-labelled PSMA ligand for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: biodistribution in humans and first evaluation of tumour lesions. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:486–95. doi:10.1007/s00259-012-2298-2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Afshar-Oromieh A, Zechmann CM, Malcher A, Eder M, Eisenhut M, Linhart HG, et al. Comparison of PET imaging with a (68)Ga-labelled PSMA ligand and (18)F-choline-based PET/CT for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:11–20. doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2525-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lavalaye J, Kaldeway P, van Melick HH. Diffuse bone metastases on (68)Ga-PSMA PET-CT in a patient with prostate cancer and normal bone scan. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:1563–4. doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3398-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Thomas L, Balmus C, Ahmadzadehfar H, Gaertner F, Bundschuh R. Comparison of 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy (visual and automatic analysis with Exini) and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging of bone metastases in patients with prostate carcinoma undergoing therapy with 223Ra-dichlorid. J Nucl Med. 2016;57(no. supplement 2).

  48. Giesel F, Kratochwil C, Fiedler H, Afshar-Oromieh A, Debus J, Haberkorn U, et al. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-PET-CT to the radiotherapeutic management of prostate cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2015; 56(supplement 3).

  49. Agrawal A, Natarajan A, Bakshi G, Prakash G, Mahantshetty U, Murthy V, et al. Evaluation of skeletal metastases of prostate cancer with 68Ga PSMA PET/CT and 18F- NaF PET/CT and its comparison. J Nucl Med. 2016;57(supplement 2):559.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Soydal C, Ozkan E, Kaya B, Kucuk ON. Demonstration of response to androgen deprivation therapy by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2016; doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000001316.

  51. Uprimny C, Kroiss A, Nilica B, Buxbaum S, Decristoforo C, Horninger W, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA ligand PET versus (18)F-NaF PET: evaluation of response to (223)Ra therapy in a prostate cancer patient. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:362–3. doi:10.1007/s00259-014-2922-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Costeas A, Woodard HQ, Laughlin JS. Depletion of 18F from blood flowing through bone. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 1970;11:43–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Schiepers C, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Dequeker J, Bouillon R, Mortelmans L, et al. Fluoride kinetics of the axial skeleton measured in vivo with fluorine-18-fluoride PET. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 1997;38:1970–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Glendenning J, Cook G. Imaging breast cancer bone metastases: current status and future directions. Semin Nucl Med. 2013;43:317–23. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.02.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Beheshti M, Langsteger W. (18)F NaF PET/CT in the assessment of metastatic bone disease: comparison with specific PET tracers. PET Clin. 2012;7:303–14. doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2012.04.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bortot DC, Amorim BJ, Oki GC, Gapski SB, Santos AO, Lima MC, et al. (1)(8)F-fluoride PET/CT is highly effective for excluding bone metastases even in patients with equivocal bone scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1730–6. doi:10.1007/s00259-012-2195-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, Lievshitz G, Lerman H, Leibovitch I. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2006;47:287–97.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hillner BE, Siegel BA, Hanna L, Duan F, Quinn B, Shields AF. 18F-fluoride PET used for treatment monitoring of systemic cancer therapy: results from the National Oncologic PET registry. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2015;56:222–8. doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.150391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Etchebehere EC, Araujo JC, Fox PS, Swanston NM, Macapinlac HA, Rohren EM. Prognostic factors in patients treated with 223Ra: the role of skeletal tumor burden on baseline 18F-fluoride PET/CT in predicting overall survival. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2015;56:1177–84. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.158626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Yu EY, Duan F, Muzi M, Deng X, Chin BB, Alumkal JJ, et al. Castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis response measured by 18F-fluoride PET after treatment with dasatinib and correlation with progression-free survival: results from American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6687. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2015;56:354–60. doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.146936.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Nome R, Hernes E, Bogsrud TV, Bjoro T, Fossa SD. Changes in prostate-specific antigen, markers of bone metabolism and bone scans after treatment with radium-223. Scand J Urol. 2015;49:211–7. doi:10.3109/21681805.2014.982169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Cook G Jr, Parker C, Chua S, Johnson B, Aksnes AK, Lewington VJ. 18F-fluoride PET: changes in uptake as a method to assess response in bone metastases from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with 223Ra-chloride (Alpharadin). EJNMMI Res. 2011;1:4. doi:10.1186/2191-219X-1-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Ahmadzadehfar H, Azgomi K, Hauser S, Wei X, Yordanova A, Gaertner F, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET as a gate-keeper for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with radium-223: proof of concept. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2016; doi:10.2967/jnumed.116.178533.

  64. Nakajima K, Nakajima Y, Horikoshi H, Ueno M, Wakabayashi H, Shiga T, et al. Enhanced diagnostic accuracy for quantitative bone scan using an artificial neural network system: a Japanese multi-center database project. EJNMMI Res. 2013;3:83. doi:10.1186/2191-219X-3-83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Poulsen MH, Rasmussen J, Edenbrandt L, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Gerke O, Johansen A, et al. Bone scan Index predicts outcome in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2016;117:748–53. doi:10.1111/bju.13160.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Anand A, Morris MJ, Larson SM, Minarik D, Josefsson A, Helgstrand JT, et al. Automated bone scan Index as a quantitative imaging biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients being treated with enzalutamide. EJNMMI Res. 2016;6:23. doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0173-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Uemura K, Miyoshi Y, Kawahara T, Yoneyama S, Hattori Y, Teranishi J, et al. Prognostic value of a computer-aided diagnosis system involving bone scans among men treated with docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:109. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2160-1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Anand A, Morris MJ, Kaboteh R, Reza M, Tragardh E, Matsunaga N, et al. A Preanalytic validation study of automated bone scan Index: effect on accuracy and reproducibility due to the procedural Variabilities in bone scan image acquisition. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2016;57:1865–71. doi:10.2967/jnumed.116.177030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Rohren EM, Etchebehere EC, Araujo JC, Hobbs BP, Swanston NM, Everding M, et al. Determination of skeletal tumor burden on 18F-fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2015;56:1507–12. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.156026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Etchebehere EC, Araujo JC, Milton DR, Erwin WD, Wendt RE 3rd, Swanston NM, et al. Skeletal tumor burden on baseline 18F-fluoride PET/CT predicts bone marrow failure after 223Ra therapy. Clin Nucl Med. 2016;41:268–73. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000001118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Muzahir S, Jeraj R, Liu G, Hall LT, Rio AM, Perk T, et al. Differentiation of metastatic vs degenerative joint disease using semi-quantitative analysis with (18)F-NaF PET/CT in castrate resistant prostate cancer patients. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;5:162–8.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Sabbah N, Jackson T, Mosci C, Jamali M, Minamimoto R, Quon A, et al. 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT in oncology: an atlas of SUVs. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40:e228–31. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000000633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Kurdziel KA, Shih JH, Apolo AB, Lindenberg L, Mena E, McKinney YY, et al. The kinetics and reproducibility of 18F-sodium fluoride for oncology using current PET camera technology. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2012;53:1175–84. doi:10.2967/jnumed.111.100883.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Oldan JD, Hawkins AS, Chin BB. (18)F sodium fluoride PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer: quantification of normal tissues, benign degenerative lesions, and malignant lesions. World J Nucl Med. 2016;15:102–8. doi:10.4103/1450-1147.172301.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Lin C, Bradshaw T, Perk T, Harmon S, Eickhoff J, Jallow N, et al. Repeatability of quantitative 18F-NaF PET: a multicenter study. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2016;57:1872–9. doi:10.2967/jnumed.116.177295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Oldan JD, Turkington TG, Choudhury K, Chin BB. Quantitative differences in [(18)F] NaF PET/CT: TOF versus non-TOF measurements. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;5:504–14.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Brito A, Santos A, Sasse AD, Cabello C, Oliveira P, Mosci C, Souza T, Amorim B, Lima M, Ramos CD, Etchebehere E. 18F–Fluoride PET/CT tumor burden quantification predicts survival in breast cancer Oncotarget. 2017 (article in press).

  78. Piccardo A, Puntoni M, Morbelli S, Massollo M, Bongioanni F, Paparo F, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a prognostic biomarker in patients affected by bone metastases from breast cancer in comparison with 18F-NaF PET/CT. Nuklearmedizin Nucl Med. 2015;54:163–72. doi:10.3413/Nukmed-0727-15-02.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Abikhzer G, Srour S, Fried G, Drumea K, Kozlener E, Frenkel A, et al. Prospective comparison of whole-body bone SPECT and sodium 18F-fluoride PET in the detection of bone metastases from breast cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2016;37:1160–8. doi:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000568.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Minamimoto R, Loening A, Jamali M, Barkhodari A, Mosci C, Jackson T, et al. Prospective comparison of 99mTc-MDP Scintigraphy, combined 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT, and whole-body MRI in patients with breast and prostate cancer. J Nucl Med: Off Publ, Soc Nucl Med. 2015;56:1862–8. doi:10.2967/jnumed.115.162610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Gerety EL, Lawrence EM, Wason J, Yan H, Hilborne S, Buscombe J, et al. Prospective study evaluating the relative sensitivity of 18F-NaF PET/CT for detecting skeletal metastases from renal cell carcinoma in comparison to multidetector CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, using an adaptive trial design. Ann Oncol: Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2015;26:2113–8. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kruger S, Buck AK, Mottaghy FM, Hasenkamp E, Pauls S, Schumann C, et al. Detection of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, 18F-fluoride PET or 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1807–12. doi:10.1007/s00259-009-1181-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Rao L, Zong Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Shi X, Yi C, et al. 18F-labeled NaF PET-CT in detection of bone metastases in patients with preoperative lung cancer. Medicine. 2016;95:e3490. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003490.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Subbiah V, Anderson P, Rohren E. Alpha Emitter radium 223 in high-risk osteosarcoma: first clinical evidence of response and blood–brain barrier penetration. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1:253–5. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2014.289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Tateishi U, Morita S, Taguri M, Shizukuishi K, Minamimoto R, Kawaguchi M, et al. A meta-analysis of (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography for assessment of metastatic bone tumor. Ann Nucl Med. 2010;24:523–31. doi:10.1007/s12149-010-0393-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Elba Etchebehere & Ana Emilia Brito

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine & Endocrinology, PET - CT Center LINZ, Ordensklinikum, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Seilerstaette 4, A-4020, Linz, Austria

    Alireza Rezaee, Werner Langsteger & Mohsen Beheshti

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine & Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Mohsen Beheshti

Authors
  1. Elba Etchebehere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ana Emilia Brito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alireza Rezaee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Werner Langsteger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mohsen Beheshti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Beheshti.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval is not applicable. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Etchebehere, E., Brito, A.E., Rezaee, A. et al. Therapy assessment of bone metastatic disease in the era of 223radium. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 44 (Suppl 1), 84–96 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3734-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3734-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation