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Skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface in the pediatric population: MRI features

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Abstract

Objective

To assess the MRI appearance of normal skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface in the pediatric population. To the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been studied in detail in the literature.

Materials and methods

An IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of 105 consecutive shoulder MRI studies in children, ages 2 months to 18 years was performed. The morphology, MR signal, and development of the following were assessed: (1) scapular-coracoid bipolar growth plate, (2) glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface secondary ossification centers, (3) glenoid advancing osseous surface.

Results

The glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface were identified in infancy as a contiguous, cartilaginous mass. A subcoracoid secondary ossification center in the superior glenoid was identified and fused in all by age 12 and 16, respectively. In ten studies, additional secondary ossification centers were identified in the inferior two-thirds of the glenoid. The initial concavity of the glenoid osseous surface gradually transformed to convexity, matching the convex glenoid articular surface. The glenoid growth plate fused by 16 years of age. Our study, based on MRI, demonstrated a similar pattern of development of the glenoid and glenoid coracoid interface to previously reported anatomic and radiographic studies, except for an earlier development and fusion of the secondary ossification centers of the inferior glenoid.

Conclusions

The pattern of skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface follows a chronological order, which can serve as a guideline when interpreting MRI studies in children.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA

    Shefali Kothary

  2. Radiology Department, NYU Hospital for Joint Disease, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA

    Zehava Sadka Rosenberg & Leonardo L. Poncinelli

  3. School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue,, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Steven Kwong

  4. NYU Langone Medical Center: Hospital for Joint Disease, Radiology Department, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA

    Shefali Kothary, Zehava Sadka Rosenberg, Leonardo L. Poncinelli & Steven Kwong

Authors
  1. Shefali Kothary
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  2. Zehava Sadka Rosenberg
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  3. Leonardo L. Poncinelli
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  4. Steven Kwong
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Correspondence to Shefali Kothary.

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Kothary, S., Rosenberg, Z.S., Poncinelli, L.L. et al. Skeletal development of the glenoid and glenoid–coracoid interface in the pediatric population: MRI features. Skeletal Radiol 43, 1281–1288 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-014-1936-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-014-1936-0

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