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Marine microbial L-glutaminase: from pharmaceutical to food industry

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Abstract

Deamination of L-glutamine to glutamic acid with the concomitant release of ammonia by the activity of L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.2) is a unique reaction that also finds potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry. Owing to its cost-effectiveness, rapidity, and compatibility with downstream processes, microbial production of L-glutaminase is preferred over the production by other sources. Marine microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, and moulds have manifested remarkable capacity to produce L-glutaminase and, therefore, are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of this enzyme. The main focus of this article is to provide an overview of L-glutaminase producing marine microorganisms, to discuss strategies used for the lab- and large-scale production of these enzyme and to review the application of L-glutaminase from marine sources so that the future prospects can be understood.

Key points

• L-glutaminase has potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry

• Marine microorganisms are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of L-glutaminase

• Marine microbial L-glutaminase have great potential in therapeutics and in the food industry

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Noora Barzkar

  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sohail

  3. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi

  4. Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

    Reza Nahavandi

  5. Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mojgan Khodadadi

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  1. Noora Barzkar
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  3. Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
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  4. Reza Nahavandi
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NB conceptualization, writing – original draft preparation

MS, STJ, RN, and MKH: manuscript editing

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Correspondence to Noora Barzkar.

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Barzkar, N., Sohail, M., Tamadoni Jahromi, S. et al. Marine microbial L-glutaminase: from pharmaceutical to food industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 4453–4466 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11356-1

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