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Characterization of four endophytic fungi as potential consolidated bioprocessing hosts for conversion of lignocellulose into advanced biofuels

  • Bioenergy and biofuels
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Abstract

Recently, several endophytic fungi have been demonstrated to produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with properties similar to fossil fuels, called “mycodiesel,” while growing on lignocellulosic plant and agricultural residues. The fact that endophytes are plant symbionts suggests that some may be able to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, making them capable of both deconstructing lignocellulose and converting it into mycodiesel, two properties that indicate that these strains may be useful consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) hosts for the biofuel production. In this study, four endophytes Hypoxylon sp. CI4A, Hypoxylon sp. EC38, Hypoxylon sp. CO27, and Daldinia eschscholzii EC12 were selected and evaluated for their CBP potential. Analysis of their genomes indicates that these endophytes have a rich reservoir of biomass-deconstructing carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), which includes enzymes active on both polysaccharides and lignin, as well as terpene synthases (TPSs), enzymes that may produce fuel-like molecules, suggesting that they do indeed have CBP potential. GC-MS analyses of their VOCs when grown on four representative lignocellulosic feedstocks revealed that these endophytes produce a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons, the majority of which are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including some known biofuel candidates. Analysis of their cellulase activity when grown under the same conditions revealed that these endophytes actively produce endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The richness of CAZymes as well as terpene synthases identified in these four endophytic fungi suggests that they are great candidates to pursue for development into platform CBP organisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Agency under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors want to thank Dr. Gary A. Strobel for providing the endophytes. The work by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Author contributions

W.W.H. conceived and designed the study, performed the experiments and data analysis, and wrote and revised the manuscript. R.W.D. revised the manuscript. J.M.G. supervised the study and revised the manuscript. M.B.T. maintained the endophyte seed stock. H.H., S.M., and M. C. sequenced genomes and transcriptomes. K.L. and H.S. assembled genomes. E.L. assembled transcriptomes. A.K. annotated genomes. B.H. annotated the CAZymes. K.B. manages the genome project. I.V.G. coordinated the genome projects and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA

    Weihua Wu, Ryan W. Davis, Mary Bao Tran-Gyamfi & John M. Gladden

  2. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA

    Alan Kuo, Kurt LaButti, Sirma Mihaltcheva, Hope Hundley, Mansi Chovatia, Erika Lindquist, Kerrie Barry & Igor V. Grigoriev

  3. CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, AFMB, Marseille, France

    Bernard Henrissat

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Bernard Henrissat

  5. Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA

    John M. Gladden

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Wu, W., Davis, R.W., Tran-Gyamfi, M.B. et al. Characterization of four endophytic fungi as potential consolidated bioprocessing hosts for conversion of lignocellulose into advanced biofuels. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 2603–2618 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8091-1

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