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Influence of preservation temperature on the characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge

  • Environmental biotechnology
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Abstract

Preserving active anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biomass is a potential method for securing sufficient seeding biomass for the rapid start-up of full-scale anammox processes. In this study, anammox granules were cultured in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor (R0), and then the enriched anammox granules were preserved at 35, 20, 4, and −30 °C. The subsequent reactivation characteristics of the granules were evaluated in four UASB reactors (denoted R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively) to investigate the effect of preservation temperature on the characteristics of anammox granules and their reactivation performance. The results demonstrated that 4 °C was the optimal preservation temperature for maintaining the biomass, activity, settleability, and integrity of the anammox granules and their cellular structures. During the preservation period, a first-order exponential decay model may be used to simulate the decay of anammox biomass and activity. The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio in the extracellular polymeric substances and the heme c content could not effectively indicate the changes in settleability and activity of the anammox granules, respectively, and a loss of bioactivity was positively associated with the degree of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria cell lysis. After 42 days of storage, the anammox granules preserved at 4 °C (R3) exhibited a better recovery performance than those preserved at 20 °C (R2), −30 °C (R4), and 35 °C (R1). The comprehensive comparison indicated that 4 °C is the optimal storage temperature for anammox granular sludge because it promotes improved maintenance and recovery performance properties.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51278162 and 51578204) for the support of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China

    Bao-Shan Xing, Qiong Guo, Xiao-Yan Jiang, Qian-Qian Chen, Peng Li, Wei-Min Ni & Ren-Cun Jin

  2. Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China

    Bao-Shan Xing, Qiong Guo, Xiao-Yan Jiang, Qian-Qian Chen, Peng Li, Wei-Min Ni & Ren-Cun Jin

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  1. Bao-Shan Xing
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  2. Qiong Guo
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  3. Xiao-Yan Jiang
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  4. Qian-Qian Chen
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  5. Peng Li
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  6. Wei-Min Ni
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  7. Ren-Cun Jin
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Correspondence to Ren-Cun Jin.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51278162 and 51578204).

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The corresponding author on behalf of all authors of the paper declares no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Xing, BS., Guo, Q., Jiang, XY. et al. Influence of preservation temperature on the characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 4637–4649 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7292-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7292-3

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